brinkley chapter 17-18

What is the significance of the Homestead Act of 1862?

The Homestead Act encouraged westward expansion by providing 160 acres of public land to settlers who would farm the land for five years.

What major event helped spur industrial growth in the late 19th century?

The Civil War created demand for military supplies, accelerating industrialization.

Who were the 'Robber Barons'?

Wealthy industrialists in the late 19th century who wielded significant political power and often exploited labor.

What was the purpose of the Dawes Act of 1887?

To assimilate Native Americans by allotting them individual plots of land and giving them U.S. citizenship.

What did the term 'Gilded Age' refer to?

A period of rapid economic growth and ostentatious wealth in America, masking social issues like poverty and inequality.

What was the main goal of the Progressive movement?

To address the social and political issues caused by industrialization and urbanization.

What was the impact of the Transcontinental Railroad?

It linked the eastern U.S. with the Pacific Coast, facilitating trade, travel, and westward expansion.

Who was Andrew Carnegie and what is he known for?

An industrialist who led the expansion of the American steel industry and became a major philanthropist.

What was the purpose of labor unions in the late 19th century?

To advocate for workers' rights, improve working conditions, and negotiate better wages.

What was the significance of the Treaty of Fort Laramie?

It established boundaries for Native American territories and was meant to ensure peace between settlers and tribes.

What did the term 'Muckrakers' refer to?

Journalists who exposed corruption and societal issues during the Progressive Era.

What was the focus of the 19th Amendment?

To grant women the right to vote in the United States.

Who was Theodore Roosevelt and what were his contributions to American history?

The 26th President, known for his progressive reforms, trust-busting, and conservation efforts.

What was the significance of the Plessy v. Ferguson decision?

It upheld racial segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine.

What economic conditions led to the Panic of 1893?

Overproduction in the railroad industry, bank failures, and declining demand led to widespread unemployment.

What was the primary focus of the Populist Party?

To represent the interests of farmers and laborers against the elite and promote economic reforms.

How did the Spanish-American War impact U.S. foreign policy?

It marked the U.S. as a colonial power and expanded its influence in the Caribbean and Pacific.

What was the significance of the Seneca Falls Convention?

It marked the beginning of the women's rights movement in the United States.

How did industrialization affect urbanization?

It caused rapid growth of cities as people moved for jobs in factories.

What was the goal of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913?

To establish a central banking system to stabilize the economy and control the money supply.

What was 'The Jungle' and who wrote it?

A novel by Upton Sinclair exposing the harsh conditions of the meatpacking industry.

What did the term 'White Man's Burden' imply?

A justification for imperialism, suggesting that it was a duty to civilize non-Western peoples.

What was the significance of the Great Migration?

The movement of African Americans from the rural South to urban areas in the North for jobs and better opportunities.

What is the significance of the Chicago World’s Fair of 1893?

It showcased American achievements and marked a turning point for the burgeoning culture of consumerism.

Who was Jane Addams and what did she advocate for?

A social reformer and leader in the settlement house movement that advocated for social justice.

What role did the government play in the economy during the Gilded Age?

The government largely supported business interests and favored laissez-faire policies.

What was the role of women in the workforce during the Gilded Age?

Women increasingly entered the workforce, often taking low-paying jobs in factories and offices.

What was the result of the Pullman Strike of 1894?

It was a nationwide railroad strike that was broken by federal intervention, highlighting tensions between labor and government.

What were the key aspects of the Monroe Doctrine?

It warned European powers against further colonization in the Americas and asserted U.S. influence in the region.

What social reforms did Progressive Era activists pursue?

They focused on issues such as child labor, women’s suffrage, and government corruption.

What was the impact of the 18th Amendment?

It established Prohibition, banning the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages.

What was the main focus of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) when it was created?

To prevent unfair business practices and promote consumer protection.

What did the term 'Roaring Twenties' signify?

A period of economic prosperity and cultural change in the U.S. during the 1920s.

What were the effects of the Stock Market Crash of 1929?

It marked the beginning of the Great Depression, leading to widespread economic hardship.

How did World War I influence U.S. society?

It accelerated social change, including the movement for women’s suffrage and the Great Migration.

What were the key arguments of anti-imperialists during the late 19th century?

They believed imperialism contradicted American democratic principles and could lead to conflicts.

What was the goal of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)?

To advocate for women's suffrage at both state and national levels.

What was the impact of the Sherman Antitrust Act?

It aimed to combat monopolies and promote competition in the marketplace.

What did the term 'New Immigration' refer to?

The wave of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

What was the significance of the Freedmen's Bureau?

It assisted newly freed African Americans in transitioning to freedom after the Civil War.

How did the U.S. government respond to the rise of labor strikes during this period?

Often, federal and state forces intervened against labor unions, siding with businesses.

What was the impact of the Lustania incident in 1915?

The sinking of this British ocean liner by a German U-boat stirred anti-German sentiments and prompted U.S. involvement in WWI.

Who was W.E.B. Du Bois and what did he advocate for?

A civil rights activist who advocated for immediate equality for African Americans and co-founded the NAACP.

What did the slogan 'America First' represent during this period?

A phrase used by isolationists to advocate for prioritizing American interests and avoiding foreign conflicts.