BIO Lab Midterm

Scientific Method

Observation, Ask a Question, Background Research, Hypothesis, Test through Experiment, Analyze to a Conclusion, Report Results is a systematic process used to investigate phenomena, test ideas, and acquire new knowledge.

Independent Variable (IV)

What gets change, does it impact dependent?

Dependent Variable (DV)

Response variable to IV

Control

What you compare the others too

Replication

ensure results are reliable and consistent by repeating the experiment multiple times.

Corase Adjustment

Big adjustment tool

Fine Adjustment

smaller adjuster

Apeture

where the slides go and focuses light onto the specimen.

Care

Hide microscope base, stored in cubbies, don’t force parts

Objectives

focuses which is 10 * lens for total magnification

Cell Theory

A scientific theory that states all living organisms are composed of cells, which are the basic unit of life, and that all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Implications of Cell Theory

It implies that all living things share a common cellular structure and that the processes of life arise from cellular activities, emphasizing the importance of cells in biology.

All cells have?

Cell Membrane, Nucleic Acid, Ribsomes, Enzymes

Prokaryotes

Unicellcuar bacteria, archaea, and Cyanobacteria

Eukaryotic

animals, plants, fungi, nimulticellular organisms with membrane-bound organelles. Nucleus

Taxonomic Ranking

A hierarchical system used to classify organisms into categories such as domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. DEAR KING PHILIP CAME OVER FOR GOOD SOUP

Cellular Respiration

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP)

Ectotherms

An animal that gains most of its body heat from external sources as opposed to metabolic processes

Endotherm

An animal that gains most of its body heat from internal metabolic processes (cellular respiration)

Homotherm

An animal that has a constant body temp (most are endotherms) and is able to maintain this temperature regardless of external conditions.

Heterotherm

An animal whose body temperature rises with the environmental temperature (mostly ectotherms)

Heterotherm, Endotherms, Homeotherm. Ecotherms

Parts of a gene

Intron: parts of gene that gets cut out before translation

Exons: parts og gene that get turned into a proton

transposon: types of a DNA sequence that can make copies of itself & move itself to different spots of the genome

PCR or Polymerase Chain Reaction

1. Denaturing: Double-stranded DNA is separated into 2 strands

2. Annealing: Primers bind to the target DNA sequences

3. Extension: DNA Polymerase extends the 3’ end of primers along the template strand