APCG Terms 60-78

political values

overarching ideas from which political beliefs are based on

political beliefs

An individual's opinion regarding social, economic, and governmental structure of society and it's institutions

post-materialism

A theory involving the shift from holding importance on materialistic and economic worth to accentuating values of self-expression

political participation

Actions taken by the public to influence policies and express their opinions for change

voluntary participation

A requirement in ethical research that participants choose to participate and are not coerced.

coercive participation

Harming or threatening, directly or indirectly, people or their property to influence their participation of an event.

formal political participation

The collective action of individuals in pursuit of common goals.

informal participation

Each individual in the social and personal interactions of everyday life.

referendum

The principle or practice of submitting to popular vote a measure passed on or proposed by a legislative body or by popular initiative

civil rights

The rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality

civil liberties

constitutionally guaranteed freedoms

transparency

The government's obligation to share information with citizens that is needed to make informed decisions and hold officials accountable, promoting accountability and providing information for citizens about what their Government is doing

political cleavage

A cultural or social line that divides a society into groups based on political interests.

social cleavage

A cultural or social line that divides a society into groups based on culture.

cumulative cleavage

People in a society fit into a political or social cleavage rigidly with no overlap.

cross-cutting cleavage

People of a society do not fit into just one political or social cleavage, and different political/social cleavages overlap.

autonomy

The legally entrenched power of communities to exercise public policy functions of a legislative, executive and/or judicial type independently of other sources of authority in the state, but subject to the overall legal order of the state.

secession

The withdrawal of a group from a larger entity, especially a political entity, but also from any organization, union or military alliance

electoral system

A set of laws that regulate electoral competition between candidates or parties or both