Natural Selection

Divergent (Homologous) Evolution

similar origin moving into new areas, perhaps because of overcrowding

Convergent (Analogous) Evolution

evolve in a similar way because of a similar enviroment

Adaptive Radiation

is the same as divergent evolution

Camoflauge

A structural adaption enabling an organism to blend in with its enviroment

Mimicry

protects an organism by copying the appearance of another species

Halophiles

can live in very salty conditions

Methanogens

as they respire they change O2/CO2 into methane gas

Thermoacidophiles

can live in very high temperature/water

Yeast

the only unicellular fungus

Puncuated Equilibrium

the concept that evolution occurs over long periods of stability that are interrupted by geologically brief periods of change

Vestigial Structure

any structure that is reduced in function in a living organism but may bu tmay have been used in an ancestor

Stabilizing Selection

type of selection that favors average individuals in a population

Saprophytes

any organism that feeds and grows on dead organisms

Pampas

Grasslands of Argentina

Finches

birds he saw on the Galapagos Islands during his famous voyage around the world in 1831-1836 changed his thinking about the origin of new species

H.M.S. Beagle

sailed December 27, 1831, Darwin joins a crew and goes on a 5 year voyage to make new maps and study the “flora & fauna”

Bionomial nomenclature

how to write a scientific name

Isolation

What is the fastest way to develop a new species?

Nitrogen Fixaction Step 1

Lightning superheats the atmosphere changing Nitrogen gas to Nitric Acid that is washed into the soil

Nitrogen Fixaction Step 2

Denitrophying bacteria change this into Nitrates that plants can use directly

78% Nitrogen and 21% Oxygen

What is the atmosphere composed of?

Darwin’s Ideas

This theory states that through the process of natural selection of the small, inherited variations which increase the ability of the individual for competing, surviving, and reproducing, all the species of the organisms arise and develop

Adaptation

The changing of a species that results in its being better suited to its enviroment

Mutations

an unexpected change in a gene

Artificial Selection

a technique in which the breeder selects particular traits

Fossils

What is mostly formed in sedimentary rock?

Prokaryotes

What was the first life on Earth?

Natural Variation

differences among individuals within a species

Charles Darwin

Father of Evolution, born on Febuary 12, 1809, originally studied theology before going on a 5 year voyage on the H.M.S. Beagle to make new maps

Jean Baptist Lamarck

First person to start thinking about evolution, but his thougths were wrong. He had theories which were, Theory of Acquired Characterisitics, Theory of Need, Theory of Use and Disuse. He is still credited to be the first to think about evolution

Carolus Linnaeus

drew up rules for assigning names to plants and animals and was the first to use binomial nomenclature; she is also known as the founder of taxonomy

Charles Lyell

Geology Professor who was a friend to Darwin and influenced him

Thomas Malthus

studied the amount of natural resources needed to support a population

Josiah Wedgewood

Darwin’s maternal grandfather. Gave him permission to go on the 5 year voyage, and started a China Dish company in England that is still there today

Archeabacteria

Prokaryote, Unicellular. Chemosynthesis, Photosynthethic, Heterotrophs. Cell walls are endosporic. Can live in harsh enviromental conditions

Eubacteria

Prokaryote, Unicellular. Both Auto and Heterotrops. Cell walls are endosporic. Usually responsible for disease. Denitrophies bacteria

Protista

Eukaryote, Unicellular, Both Auto and Heterotrops. Some have silica for cell wall. Algea most important producers of food & oxygen in world. Exception includes Amoba, Parecium, Kelp is multicellular

Fungi

Eukaryote, Multicellular, Heterotrophs, Cell walls made of Chitin. Exception: Yeast is unicellular. Saprophytes consume dead organic matter

Plant

Eukaryote, Multicellular, Autotrophs, Cell Walls made of Cellulose. World’s smallest flowering plant is Duckweed. Redwood Trees

Animal

Eukaryote, Multicellular, Heterotrophs. No cell wall. Has some movement. Sessile attached at a base

Kingdom

composed of simliar phylum

Phylum

composed of simliar classes

Class

composed of simliar orders

Order

composed of simliar families

Family

composed of simliar genus

Genus

composed of similar species

Species

smallest taxonomic class