Oral Liquids-[Remedies of Technical Problems in Manufacturing]

Proverbs 16:3

Sedimentation

Problem: Settling of solid particles during storage

• Reduce particle size (but avoid over-fine particles)

• Increase viscosity using suspending agents (e.g., CMC, xanthan gum)

• Use flocculating agents to form loose aggregate

Remedies for Sedimentation [3]

Sedimentation

Remedies: Reduce particle size (but avoid over-fine particles)

Sedimentation

Remedies: Increase viscosity using suspending agents (e.g., CMC, xanthan gum)

Sedimentation

Remedies: Use flocculating agents to form loose aggregates

Aggregation/Coagulation

Problem: Can lead to the formation of a non-resuspendable sediment, known as caking.

caking

A non-resuspendable sediment

caking

Aggregation/Coagulation can lead to the formation of a non-resuspendable sediment, known as _____ ?

• Changing the salt concentration

• Controlling the Particle Size Distribution

• Use of a Compatible Surfactant

Remedies for Aggregation/Coagulation [3]

Aggregation/Coagulation

Remedies: Changing the salt concentration

Aggregation/Coagulation

Remedies: Controlling the Particle Size Distribution

Aggregation/Coagulation

Remedies: Use of Compatible Surfactant

Yellow

(red has large size and even particle size)

Which is an example of Aggregation/Coagulation?

Caking/Claying

Problem: Particles form a distinct cake in the bottom of the vessel. This cake is difficult to re-disperse, and if it forms, the suspension is unlikely to be usable.

• Adjust zeta potential.

• Controlled Flocculation.

• Increase Viscosity of the dispersion medium.

• Use of Structured Vehicles (aqueous with surfactant; gel-like structure) to reduce particle movement.

Remedies for Caking/Claying [4]

Caking/Claying

Remedies: Controlled Flocculation (adjust zeta potential)

Caking/Claying

Remedies: Increase Viscosity of the Dispersion Medium

Caking/Claying

Remedies: Use of Structured Vehicles (aqueous with surfactant gel like structure)