The First Three Caliphs; Abu Bakr, Umar, and Uthman

HA Islam Empires

Who was a friend of Muhammad’s?

Abu Bakr

Who was not a prophet?

Abu Bakr

Who expanded Muslim communities into parts of Byzantine and Persian empires?

Abu Bakr

What were the two main problems that Abu Bakr faced during his years of rule?

1) False prophets claimed to be successors of Muhammad

2) succession of Arabic tribes from Ummah

What was the name of Muhammad’s Father in law?

Umar

Which caliph defined Dar-al-Islam, area where Islam is protected, and Dar-al-Harb, areas that threatened Islam?

Umar

Who was successful in expanding Ummah; which grew to include Arabia, Iraq, Western Persia, Syria, Palestine, and parts of North Africa?

Umar

Who expanded the use of Jihad (struggle against oppression)?

Umar

Who gave more structure to administration of Muslim state; created a new tax system?

Umar

What was the name of Muhammad’s son in law?

Uthman

Was Uthman a wealthy merchant?

Yes

Whose first years of rule were peaceful, but later had financial problems?

Uthman

Who ordered the compilation of a definitive Qur’an?

Uthman

What caliph was accused of nepotism?

Uthman

What caliph was murdered by Egyptian rebels?

Uthman

Did the murder of a caliph cause the beginning of open political and religious conflict in Muslim communities?

Yes