Spanish Influenza
deadly virus that claimed countless lives that doctors didn’t know how to approach, mainly killed people in the prime of age (21-29)
The Roaring 20’s Mobility
physical or social
The car becomes affordable
Women move up the social ladder
Black Americans migrate northward
The Roaring 20’s Intolerance
Dislike of certain groups or ideas
For immigrants (Sacco & Vanzetti)
and their ideas... (Palmer Raids)
For Black Americans (Rise o fKKK)
Towards immorality (Prohibition)
The Roaring 20’s Contrast
Two opposing ideas or processes
Between Imperialism & Isolationism
Rich & Poor(urban/rural)
Old & Young(values and morals)
Religion vs. Science
Scopes Trial
People were unhappy with Scopes for teaching evolution which resulted in a trial of either accepting Darwin’s theory of evolution to be accepted and taught or continuing to follow the Bible- was in public eye and sparked a lot of debate.
Sacco & Vanzetti
Italian immigrants with anarchist views who were convicted of murder and found guilty. The true criminal admitted to the crime but the Supreme Court refused to change the verdict and they were executed. Many people believe they were convicted for their anarchist beliefs and not a crime.
Palmer Raids
Raided Russian Unions and arrested people, including anarchists, due to fear of communist revolution
Republicans in the era
Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover
Conservatives
Harding, Coolidge, Hoover(too little, too late) - stay out of peoples lives, laisezz-faire
Liberal
FDR- New Deal, hands on, relief, recovery, and reform
Black & Americans- segregated and/or left out of new deal ☹
Charles Coughlin, Francis Townsend
The New Deal
a “deal” with Americans to help the economy and American people rise out of the Great Depression-Relief, Recovery, Reform
Relief
Immediate economic help (putting money in peoples pockets)
Recovery
Creating new jobs for people, more long term
Reform
Changing the system and new regulations to avoid another economic depression and protect Americans
Emergency Quota Act
Restricted number of immigrants allowed in U.S.
Flappers
pushed barriers to economic, political, and sexual freedom for women. Known for wearing non-traditional clothes and having untraditional views
Great Migration
Due to Jim Crow laws, and being denied political rights + more jobs available in the North (though racism was rampant, racial segregation was not mandated there) Black Americans migrated to the North seeking economic and social opportunity
Harlem Renaissance
intellectual and cultural revival of African American music, dance, art, fashion, literature, theater, politics and scholarship centered in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City. Black people were all able to share common experiences and embrace culture in Harlem
Return to Normalcy
Warren G. Harding campaigned on the promise of a "return to normalcy," which would mean a return to conservative values and a turning away from President Wilson's internationalism
Normalcy Trends
Isolationism, Nativism, Conservatism
Isolationism examples
Emergency Quota Act of 1921– Limited immigration
Kellogg Briand Pact– No war
Fordney McCumber Tariff– increase import tax
Nativism examples
Palmer Raids– Attorney Gen’s war on socialists; feared
Communism and labor unions
(Bolshevik Revolution)
Sacco & Vanzetti– deal with anarchists and firmly
Rise of KKK
– “American Values” were at risk; stop the
corruption of American culture
Conservatism
Political– Harding, Coolidge, Hoover elected
Economic– return to laissez faire capitalism
Social– no booze...for masses, a rise in religious
fundamentalism in response to science
Installment Plan
buying something on credit over an extended period of time
Reasons that led to the Great Depression
Speculation, Buying on Margin, easy to get credit, banks giving loans too freely, more options for consumers, installment plans,
Buying on Margin
only paying a small amount of a stock’s price at the time of purchase
Langston Hughes
American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist from Joplin, Missouri. One of the earliest innovators of the literary art form called jazz poetry, Hughes is best known as a leader of the Harlem Renaissance
Prohibition
18th Amendment- prohibiting the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages- lead to the rise of organized crime
21st Amendment
Repealed prohibition
Red Scare
Americans were so caught up in containment of communism, and investigated people within their community for communism
Bonus Army
jobless WWI veterans organized a group called the “Bonus Expeditionary Forces” (BEF) to march on Washington, DC. Suffering and desperate, the BEF's goal was to get the bonus payment now, when they really needed the money
Dorothea Lange
American documentary photographer and photojournalist, best known for her Depression-era work
Dust Bowl
drought-stricken southern plains region suffered severe dust storms, caused by economic depression coupled with extended drought, unusually high temperatures, poor agricultural practices, and the resulting wind erosion
FDIC
gave basic deposit insurance coverage level to $5,000, restored Americans confidence in banks
Securities Exchange Comm.
regulates secondary financial markets to ensure a transparent and fair environment for investors. It prohibits fraudulent activities
Social Security
social insurance program designed to pay retired workers age 65 or older a continuing income after retirement
Speculation
buying low selling high (On a daily basis…very quickly.)
-fluctuating market
-owners never knew how much investment capital they would have
Tennessee Valley Authority
tackle important problems facing the valley, such as flooding, providing electricity to homes and businesses, and replanting forests. Improved and built new dams