Unit 3 Gov test

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Legislative Branch- duties, powers, checks

Legislative Branch- duties, powers, checks

• Duties: represent people of their district/state

• Powers: make laws, declare wars, regulate interstate/foreign commerce, control taxing/spending policies

• Checks: can override presidential veto, veto other votes from executive, change court jurisdiction by altering court decision after it’s been made

Legislative Branch- constitution

• Article II clause IV, Article I clause II

Legislative Branch- leadership (roles and goals)

• Hakeem Jefferies (D)- Minority Leader (House of Reps)

  • advocate for affordable housing, criminal reform, and quality education

• Steven Scalise (R)- Majority leader in First Congressional District of Louisiana

  • promote fiscal discipline, create good paying jobs, protect freedoms, get economy on track

• Alex Padilla (D)- Senior Senator CA

  • defend democracy/right to vote, environment protection, uplift working families

Executive Branch- duties, powers, checks

• Duties: enforce laws

• Powers: sign legislation into law, conduct diplomacy with other nations, can extend pardons for federal crimes

• Checks: can appoint federal judges and issue pardons, can veto laws created by Congress

Executive Branch- constitution

• Article II Clause I

Executive Branch- leadership (roles and goals)

• Joe Biden (D)- President

  • control COVID, improve Obamacare, get US on course to net-zero emissions by 2050, forgive student loan debt

• Lloyd Austin- Sect of Defense

  • defend nation, take care of people, succeed through teamwork

• Janet Yellen (D)- Secretary of the Treasury

  • raise/suspend debt limit, promote economic recovery, fight climate change

Judicial Branch- duties, powers, checks

• Duties: enforce constitutionality

• Powers: decides meaning of laws, how they are applied, and whether or not a law is constitutional

• Checks: can appoint declare presidential acts or Congress’s laws as unconstitutional

Judicial Branch- constitution

• Article III Sections I and II

Judicial Branch- leadership (roles and goals)

• Philip S Guitierrez- Chief US Judge

  • enlarge sense of possibility amongst young Latinos

• Ketanji Brown Jackson- Associate Justice of US

  • be an independent jurist deciding cases “without fear or favor”

• John G Roberts- Jr Chief Justice of the US

  • strict conservative constructionist (interpret Constitution as originally intended) 

State/County and Federal govt similarities

• Bicameral legislative structure (except for Nebraska)

  • Usually with 2/4 year term split for Senate/Reps

• 3 branch structure with checks and balances

State/County and Federal govt differences

• State constitutions are longer and detailed to meet the needs of the state

• Governors (executives) are directly elected by the people

• State judicial branch has no say in constitutionality

Municipal govt duties

• parks and rec services

• police/fire depts, emergency medical services

• housing services

• municipal courts

• public trasnportation

• public works (city/street maintenance)

Federalist structure/ Dual federalism

• State/federal govts have certain responsibilities in diff areas

• Maintains a power distribution between state and federal govts, minimizing the threat of an authoritarian

  • States run their own federal elections

State Court duties

• Most criminal cases

• Probate (wills/estates)

• Most contract cases

• Tort cases (personal injuries)

• Family law (marriages, divorces, adoptions)

• Final say in state law/constitution

Federal Court duties

• Law constitutionality

• Cases involving US laws/treaties

• Cases involving ambassadors/public ministers

• Disputes between 2+ states

• Admiralty law (navigation/shipping, maritime issues)

• Bankruptcy

• Habeas corpus issues (the idea that the one being charged must be brought into the courtroom)

Tribal govts and the Federal govt

• Tribal constitutions must be approved by Sect. of Interior

  • Sect. of Interior rules over them

Fort Mojave/US constitution SIMILARITIES

• Length

• Separated into Articles/sections

• Included preamble

• Tribal Council/executive branch- Council Chairman, Vice Chairman and President, Vice President

Fort Mojave/US constitution DIFFERENCES

• Fort Mojave Tribal Council- seven members with 3 year term, directly elected

• Tribal Council is responsible for promoting Mojave culture

• Fort Mojave establishes members’ equal rights without the need for extra Amendments

• Fort Mojave establishes a treasurer and their duties (focus on economic outline)

Mercantilism

• Static wealth

• Focus on reducing imports/increasing exports

• Protect markets

Command economy

Economy in which state makes most/all economic decisions (ex. USSR)

Capitalism

• Free markets (laissez-faire)

• Private property (factories, mines, capital) are owned by individuals

• Citizens willingly engage in economy to benefit themselves; self-interest motivates labor

• The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith

Socialism

• Opposes capitalism

• Factors of production should be owned by workers

• Social safety nets (healthcare, welfare, eldercare)

• Free people from the compulsion to work

• The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx

Communism

• Total central govt control of factors of production

• Unprecedented violence/murder in USSR

Holodomor

• 1932 famine caused by collectivization

• collectivization- taking individual farmers’ lands to combine and force under state control

Fascism

• Govt total control to benefit a certain nationality

• 1920s Italy, Nazi Germany (1933)

• Vasily Grossman (source, opposed this idea)

  • Human kindness/love is innate, and conquers evil— it is immortal