WHAP_Key_Terms_-_Unit_5

The traditional national assembly of France comprising the clergy, nobility, and commoners is called the __________.

Estates-General.

The third estate in France created the __________, declaring themselves the legitimate governing body of the nation.

National Assembly.

The __________ was a statement of fundamental political rights adopted by the French National Assembly during the French Revolution.

Declaration of the Rights of Man.

The radical group during the French Revolution led by Maximilien Robespierre is known as the __________.

Jacobin.

__________ refers to the division of communal fields into individually managed farm plots in Western Europe.

Enclosure.

The term __________ describes the significant growth of cities due to agricultural innovations.

Urbanization.

The economic process where merchant-employers send materials to rural producers to make goods is known as the __________.

Domestic system.

The __________ is a machine that revolutionized the weaving process, increasing efficiency significantly.

Flying shuttle.

The invention of the __________ made it much easier to spin cloth and increased supplies for weavers.

Spinning jenny.

The __________ is a machine that quickly separates cotton fibers from their seeds, enhancing textile production.

Cotton gin.

The __________ utilized steam power for propulsion, transforming transportation of goods.

Steam engine.

__________ refers to uniform machines and parts that can easily replace broken items.

Interchangeable parts.

An __________ is a production system where workers add only one part to a finished product.

Assembly line.

The __________ is an economic system where production means are privately owned, and prices are determined by demand.

Free-market system (capitalism).

__________ capitalism is characterized by a government that refrains from regulating the economy.

Laissez-faire.

In __________, the government controls production and distribution of goods based on need instead of allowing free market forces to decide.

Socialism.

__________ is an ideology advocating for a classless society where all property is collectively owned.

Communism.

A __________ is an organization formed by employees to represent workers in negotiations with employers.

Labor union.

__________ refers to the ability of individuals to move between social classes.

Social mobility.

The __________ is a book by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels outlining the principles of the communist movement.

Communist Manifesto.

The term __________ refers to the wage-earning class in capitalism that Marx believed would revolt against the bourgeoisie.

Proletariat.

In Marx's theory, the __________ represents the ruling class that controls the means of production.

Bourgeoisie.

__________ are rights considered inalienable and innate, including life, liberty, and property.

Natural rights.

The right to vote is referred to as __________; particularly significant in women's struggle for voting rights.

Suffrage.

The __________ was the campaign aimed at eliminating slavery and the slave trade.

Abolition.

The __________ is a theory that describes a society where the government protects human liberties in exchange for authority.

Social Contract Theory.

The __________ declared the colonies' independence from the British monarch.

Declaration of Independence.

The __________ was a global conflict mainly fought between France and England over land in North America.

French and Indian War (Seven Years’ War).

__________ was an American colonist who wrote the pamphlet Common Sense, advocating for independence from Britain.

Thomas Paine.

__________ was a leader of the radical phases of the French Revolution, known for the Reign of Terror.

Maximilien Robespierre.

__________ was a prominent military leader who expanded the French Empire throughout Europe during the early 19th century.

Napoleon Bonaparte.

The __________ marks the period of political purges and extensive executions during the French Revolution under Robespierre's control.

Reign of Terror.

The __________ was an assembly aimed at reorganizing Europe after Napoleon's rule to maintain the balance of power.

Congress of Vienna.

__________ led a successful slave rebellion that resulted in Haiti's independence from France.

Toussaint L’Ouverture.

__________ was a revolutionary leader who fought for South American independence from Spanish control.

Simon Bolivar.

__________ was a priest who initiated an unsuccessful revolt against Spanish rule in Mexico, now viewed as a national hero.

Miguel Hidalgo.

__________ was the innovator during the Industrial Revolution known for inventing the cotton gin and interchangeable parts.

Eli Whitney.

__________ laid the foundations of capitalism in his book, arguing for private ownership to achieve economic fairness.

Adam Smith.

__________ established the basis for Marxism, predicting a revolt by the working class against capitalism.

Karl Marx.

The __________ were workers who protested against industrial conditions by destroying factory equipment.

Luddites.

__________ was an Enlightenment thinker who advocated for a representative government to protect natural rights.

John Locke.

__________ is known for promoting religious and political liberties, notably the separation of Church and State.

Voltaire.

__________ is credited with formulating the social contract theory, emphasizing the power of the people in government.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau.