Biology: Module 13 - Digestion & immunity

Mono

Mono

A disease common in teens caused by a virus transmitted through saliva

Mechanical digestion

Process involving teeth or rocks to break down food

Villi

Small finger-like projections in the small intestine that absorb nutrients

Phagocytosis

Engulfing and digesting microbes, often by macrophages

Fluid feeder

An organism like a blood-sucking mosquito that feeds on fluids

Cytotoxic

Immune cells that attack and destroy infected host cells

Digestion

The process of breaking down food

Liver

Organ responsible for producing bile

Krill

Small shrimp-like food source for humpback whales

Fever

Temporary rise in body temperature that can slow virus replication

Esophagus

Tube connecting the mouth to the stomach

Absorption

Process facilitated by villi for nutrient uptake

Malnourishment

Condition resulting from inadequate food intake

Antigen

Substance recognized as foreign by the immune system

Omnivore

Eats a variety of foods including plants, meat, and insects

Bile

Substance produced by the liver to aid in fat digestion

Alimentary canal

Passage through which food is processed

Vitamins

Essential for efficient enzyme function

Microbes

Some are normal residents of the stomach and colon

Primary immune response

Initial encounter with a microbe by the immune system

Lumen

Central part of the small intestine

Diabetes

Disease often linked to high sugar diets

Vaccine

Treatment to create memory cells for faster immune response

Fat

Contains twice the calories of proteins per gram

Antibody

Blood cell that fights infections

Colon

Part of the large intestine where water is absorbed

Elimination

Process of removing waste from the body

Digestive

Related to the process of digesting food

Nutrition

Process of obtaining necessary food for health and growth

Basal metabolic rate

Body's energy expenditure at rest

Pancreas

Organ producing digestive enzymes and insulin

Antibiotic

Medicine inhibiting or destroying microorganisms

White blood cells

Key players in the immune response to infections

Vaccine

Stimulates antibody production for disease immunity

Nutrient

Essential substance providing nourishment

Digestion

Breaking down food into absorbable components

Allergy

Abnormal immune response to harmless substances

Chemical

Relating to substances in reactions involving atoms or molecules

Fluid

Substance with no fixed shape, yielding to pressure