JMU HTH 210 Exam 1 Study Materials (Chapters 1-5)

Foundation

Words roots are the ______ of words

Prefixes

-At the beginning of words and modify the word root

-Location of organ

-Number of parts

-Time (frequency)

Suffixes

-End of the word and modify the word root

-Condition

-Disease

-Procedure

Word root

-Often refers to a body system or part

-May also describe an action

False (ex. hypertrophy is just prefix and suffix)

T/F: All medical terms have a root

Combining vowel

-Between two words

-Between a word root and a suffix that starts with a consonant

-Usually an "o"

-Not used if suffix begins with vowel

-Typically used between two word roots, even if the second word root begins with vowel

Bi/o

life

Carcin/o

cancer

Cardi/o

heart

Chem/o

chemical

Cis/o

to cut

Dermat/o

skin

Enter/o

small intestine

Gastr/o

stomach

Gynec/o

female

Hemat/o

blood

Imun/o

immunity

Laryng/o

voice box/Larynx

Nephr/o

Kidney

neur/o

nerve

ophthalm/o

eye

ot/o

ear

path/o

disease

pulmon/o

lung

rhin/o

nose

a-

without

an-

without

anti-

against

auto-

self

brady-

slow

de-

without

dys-

painful, difficult, abnormal

endo-

within, inner

epi-

above

eu-

normal

ex-

outward

extra-

outside of

hetero-

different

homo-

same

hyper-

excessive

hypo-

below, insufficient

in-

not, inward

inter-

between

intra-

within

macro-

large

micro-

small

neo-

new

para-

beside, abnormal, two like parts of a pair

per-

through

peri-

around

post-

after

pre-

before

pro-

before

pseudo-

false

re-

again

retro-

backward, behind

sub-

under

tachy-

fast

trans-

across

ultra-

beyond

un-

not

bi-

two

hemi-

half

mono-

one

multi-

many

nulli-

none

pan-

all

poly-

many

quadri-

four

semi-

partial, half

tetra-

four

tri-

three

-algia

pain

-cele

protrusion

-cyte

cell

-dynia

pain

-ectasis

dilation

-gen

that which produces

-genic

producing

-ia

condition

-iasis

abnormal condition

-ism

state of

-itis

inflammation

-logist

one who studies

-logy

study of

-lytic

destruction

-malacia

abnormal softening

-megaly

enlarged

-oma

tumor, mass

-opsy

view of

-osis

abnormal condition

-pathy

disease

-plasm

formation

-plegia

paralysis

-ptosis

drooping

-rrhage

abnormal flow

-rrhagia

abnormal flow condition

-rrhea

discharge

-rrhexis

rupture

-sclerosis

hardening