Anatomy and Physiology - Unit 3 - Histology Integumentary System

what are the 3 types of connective tissue?

loose, dense, cartilage

what are the 3 types of epithelial tissue?

simple, stratified, glands

what are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

what are the 2 types of nervous tissue?

neurons, neuroglia

what are the 4 types of simple and stratified?

squamous, cuboidal, columnar, psuedo

what are the 2 types of glands?

exorcrine, endocrine

what are the 2 types of loose tissue?

areolar, adipose

what are the 2 types of dense tissue?

irregular, regular

what are the 3 types of cartilage?

hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic

what is histology?

study of tissues

what are the 4 types of tissue?

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

what is simple epithelium?

single layer of cells

what is stratified epithelium?

more than one layer of cells

what does epithelial form?

forms a protective covering over skin, forms membranes and ducts

where is epithelial tissue?

lines body cavities and hollow organs

what are the layers of epithelial tissue?

simple, stratified, psuedo-stratified

what is squamous tissue?

flat, irregular

what is cuboidal tissue?

square cells

what is columnar tissue?

long narrow cells

what is pseudo-stratified tissue?

columnar cells that appear stratified, but are not

what is transitional tissue?

square cells that flatten as they are stretched and then return to their original shape

where is simple squamous located?

capillary walls, lung aveoli, capsule in kidney

where is simple cuboidal located?

kidney, liver, glands

where is simple columnar located?

lining of the stomach, intestine, oviducts

where is pseudo-stratified located?

lining of respiratory passages

where is stratified squamous located?

outer layer of skin, lining of mouth, throat, anus, vagina

where is stratified cuboidal located?

mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands

where is stratified columnar located?

eyelids, larynx, some ducts

where is stratified transitional located?

lining of urinary bladder

what do glands do?

produce substances that are sent out to other parts of the body

what do exocrine glands do?

use ducts to deliver product to other regions

what do endocrine glands do?

use blood vessels to deliver hormones to other regions

where is exocrine glands located?

sweat and salivary glands

where is endocrine glands located?

adrenal glands and pancreas

what is connective tissue?

the supporting fabric of the body. contains large amound of matrix between cells

what does blood do?

circulates through the heart and in blood vessels

what does loose connective tissue do?

provides and protection

what does areolar tissue do?

cells in loose mixture of cells and fibers

what do adipose tissue do?

composed of cells modified to store fat; insulates the body and is stored in tissues as energy supplies

where is areolar tissue located?

around organs and vessels in membrane, under skin

where is adipose located?

padding around organs and joints, under skin

what does dense connective tissue do?

provide protection, support, flexibility, and attachment

what is irregular tissue?

collagen fibers in random arrangement

where is regular tissue located?

collagen fibers in a parallel alignment

where is irregular tissue located?

dermis, capsule of organs

what is hyaline?

a tough and clear cartilage

what is fibrocartilage?

a firm and rigid cartilage

what is elastic?

can stretch and return to original size(cartilage)

where is hyaline located?

covers end of bones, makes up tip of nose, connects ribs and sternum

where is fibrocartilage located?

between vertebre, in anterior pubic joint, knee joint

where is elastic located?

larynx, epiglottis, outer ear

what doesn’t cartilage have?

nerves or blood vessels

is skeletal tissue involuntary or voluntary?

voluntary

is cardiac tissue involuntary or voluntary?

involuntary

what does voluntary mean?

can be controlled by thoughts

what does involuntary mean?

can move with out being controlled by thoughts

is smooth muscle involuntary or voluntary?

involuntary

what are the nervous tissue componets?

brain, nerves, spinal cord

what does neuron do?

transmit nerve impulses. makes up 10%

what does neuroglia do?

support and protect nervous tissue. makes up 90%

what is the top surface of epithelial tissue?

free surface or apical surface

what is the bottom surface of epithelial tissue?

basal surface

what is the membrane under basal surface?

basement membrane

what is avascular?

no blood vessels

what epithelial tissue classified by?

number of layers and shape of cells

what is extracellular matrix?

ground substance, fibers or threads

what do osteoblasts do?

produce ground substances, fibers or threads

what do osteocytes do?

maintain bone matrix

what do fibers in blood do?

platelets during blood clotting

what are platelets?

tiny blood cells that help your body form clots to stop bleeding

what does blood do?

transports respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, & other substances

what are the 2 types of bloods?

white blood cells and red blood cells

what blood cell helps with immunity?

white blood cells

what is also referred white blood cells?

leukocytes

what are the 3 types of vascular tissue?

mast cells, macrophages, blood cells

what mast cells do?

serve as immune cells. send signals to other tissues

what are the 2 inflammatory chemicals?

heparin, histamine

what does heparin do?

prevents blood clotting

what does histamine do?

promotes reactions to allergies

what does macrophages do?

blob like cells that take over invading substances. Cell eating

what do red blood cells do?

erythrocytes(carry oxygen)

what do white blood cells do?

provide immune response

what are the functions of skin(protection)?

protect from water, air, infection, chemicals, UV radiation

what are the functions of skin(sensations)?

pressure, heat, cold, pain

what are the functions of skin(temperature regulation)?

body can be heated or cooled by sweat and blood flow near surface

what are the 3 layers of skin?

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

what is stratum corneum?

a layer of 20-30 dead cells. keratinized cells to protect the deeper layers

what is stratum lucidum?

a clear thin layer of cells found in palms and soles of feet

what is stratum granulosum?

cells flatten or disintegrate. get keratin. water proof skin

what is stratum spinosum?

“spiny layer”. several thick cells. contains pre-keratin filaments

what is stratum basale?

constantly dividing and pushing up cells into next layer

what is the epidermis?

most outer layer of skin.dead cells push outwards as new cells form

what is melanin?

a pigment that deeper cells from ultraviolet rays

what do melanocytes produce?

melanin

what is the dermis composed of?

dense irregular connective tissue

what does the dermis contain?

nerves, blood vessels, sweat glands, and hair follicles

what is the boundary between epidermis and dermis called?

dermal papillae

what does dermal papillae produce?

fingerprints(epidermal ridges)

what are fingerprints also called?

epidermal ridges

what do epidermal ridges(fingerprints do)?

increase friction. helps us pick up things more easily