TEST 3 - AGRCULTURE

Nutrition

What is an example of a Monogastric nutritionist?

A specialist for one stomach animals such as hogs and horses (specify big/small)

What’s an example of a Ruminant nutritionist?

Someone who specializes in animals with four compartment stomachs such as cattle, sheep, and goats (specify big/small)

What’s a basic nutritionist?

studies the metabolism of animals, biochemical mechanisms of nutrient metabolism

What’s an applied/production nutritionist?

deals with cost effective feeding, the practical aspects

little tommy is doing a study and he is studying the effects of ionophores in blood and tissue levels of sheep, what kind of nutritionist is he?

 A small ruminant nutritionist

What are the six required nutrients required for life process?

Water, carbohydrates, vitamins, fats, vitamins, and minerals

What is the single most important nutrient?

water

which nutrient primarily provides animals with energy?

carbohydrates

which nutrient is most commonly in feedstuffs?

carbohydrates

are any carbohydrates essential to the diet?

no

which nutrient gets animals fat and why?

carbohydrates because it has a high starch and sugar content

What are some carbohydrates?

monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides

What are proteins made out of?

long chains of amino acids

What are the primary uses for proteins?

build lean tissue, enzymes, hormones, and metabolism

What nutrient is the most expensive of any ration and why?

protein, cottonseed meals

What are the 10 essential amino acids?

phenylamine, valine, threonine, tryptophan, isoleucine, methionine, histidine, arginine, leucine, and lysine

What do the 10 essential amino acids produce?

Nitrogen (crude protein)

What is the Kjedahl procedure?

analyzes how much crude protein is in the tested material

What is the crude protein formula?

Nitrogen x 6.25 = crude protein

Which protein is used as a source of energy? (more than carbohydrates)

Fats/lipids

What are Fats/Lipids?

esters of fatty acids and glycerol

Which nutrient is 2.25 times more energizing than carbohydrates?

Fats/Lipids

What is the soul source for essential body acids that can’t be made by the body?

Fats/Lipids

What nutrient has organic compounds needed by the body?

Vitamins

What are teh two Vitamin classifications?

fat-soluble and water-soluble

What do fat-soluble vitamins do? Which vitamins are in it?

regulate body function, Vitamins A, D, E, and K

What is Vitamin A?

Vision vitamin, and fat-soluble

What is Vitamin D?

The sun vitamin, fat-soluble

What is Vitamin E?

An antioxidant, fat-soluble

What is Vitamin K?

Blood-clotting vitamin, fat-soluble

What are the water-soluble vitamins?

C and D

What is Vitamin C?

antioxidant

What nutrient is an important part of the body’s enzyme system?

Minerals

What are the two types of minerals?

macro and micro

What’s a ration?

A particular way to eat (diet)

What does the NRC stand for? What does it do?

National Research Counsel, knows everything about nutrition requirements in animals for any stage of life

What are the phases of meat animal production?

Maintenance, Growth, and Finishing

What does TDN stand for?

Total digestible nutrients

What are feeds/feedstuffs?

Mixed substances that contain nutrients for animal needs

What does the gastrointestinal tract do?

Prepared food for digestion

What are the two types of actions for digestion?

Physical, Enzymic, and Chemical

What is physical digestive action?

chewing

what is chemical digestive action?

acid/bile

What is Enzyme digestive action?

increases the speed to breakdown chemical bonds in food

What is monogastric?

A single-stomach

What type of stomach is this?

Monogastric

What type of stomach is this?

Ruminant

What is prehension?

how an animal eats

What’s horse/cattle/sheep/pig/cat/dog prehension?

lip/tongue/upperlip/snout, lower lip/tongue/tongue

What type of dental pad is this?

Parrot Mouth

What type of dental pad is this?

Monkey Mouth

What are the steps of digestion?

Mastication, Salvation, Deglutition

What’s mastication?

chewing

What’s deglutition?

swallowing

What are the three portions of the small intestine?

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

What’s this?

The small intestine

What’s the jejunum?

second largest small intestine portion, absorbs digestive products

What’s the Ileum?

The third part of the small intestine, connects to the large intestine

Does the large intestine contain villi? What about absorption?

No, and absorption is restricted.

What are the three parts of the large intestine?

cecum, colon, rectum

What are some examples of monogastric herbivores?

horses, rabbits, guinea pigs, elephant - they have a functional cecum

What’s this?

The large intestine.

What is micturition?

pee

What is this?

Ruminant stomach

What are the parts of a complex stomach?

rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum

What are the forestomachs?

rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum

What’s the rumen?

stores food, is it’s own entity, in the digestive system

What’s the reticulum?

pacemaker, decides if something’s been chewed enough

What’s omasum?

part of the stomach that absorbs water and electrolytes

What’s eructation?

IMPERITIBE mechanism for ruminant, burping, will bloat if they don’t get rid of gas

What are the two types of bloating?

frothy bloat, free-gas bloat

What’s a frothy bloat?

too much concentrate, not enough roughage in diet

What’s a symptom of free-gas bloat?

blockage

What’s the fermentation process?

turns feed into energy sources

What’s coprophagy?

eating feces

What are the two feedstuff categories?

one: provides one or more of the six essential nutrients

two: improves palatability or rumen fermentation