IP Addresses, IPv4/IPv6, Domain Names, and Web Addresses (2.6)

Vocabulary flashcards covering IP addressing, IPv4/IPv6 structures, domain names, and web addresses from the lecture notes.

IP address

A sequence of numbers that uniquely identifies the location of a device on a network, allowing information to be sent between devices.

IPv4

Internet Protocol version 4; 32-bit addresses, four octets, shown in dotted decimal notation; about 4.3 billion possible addresses.

IPv6

Internet Protocol version 6; 128-bit addresses, eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons; about 3.4×10^38 addresses.

octet

A group of 8 bits in an IP address; values range from 0 to 255.

dotted decimal notation

The human-friendly decimal representation of IPv4 addresses with four octets separated by periods.

32 bits

The length of an IPv4 address (4 bytes).

4.3 billion addresses

The approximate number of unique IPv4 addresses (2^32).

8 bits per octet

Each IPv4 octet contains 8 bits.

eight groups

IPv6 addresses consist of eight groups of four hexadecimal digits.

colon-separated groups

IPv6 groups are separated by colons (:).

128-bit address

The length of an IPv6 address (16 bytes).

2^128 addresses

The total number of possible IPv6 addresses (approx. 3.4×10^38).

zero compression

IPv6 shorthand that omits consecutive zero groups to shorten an address.

domain name

A text-based name that maps to an IP address to identify online resources more easily.

TLD

Top-Level Domain; the last part of a domain name indicating organization type or location.

gTLD

Generic Top-Level Domain; examples include .com, .org, .net.

ccTLD

Country-code Top-Level Domain; TLDs representing a country code, like .my.

URL

Uniform Resource Locator; the web address of a webpage, consisting of protocol, domain name, path, and web page name.

protocol

A set of rules for data transfer on a network; in URLs, commonly http or https.

HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol; the protocol used to transfer web pages.

HTTPS

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure; the secure version of HTTP.

path

The portion of a URL that specifies a file or directory location after the domain.

web page name

The final part of a URL identifying the page, often ending in .html.

HTML

Hypertext Markup Language; the language used to format web documents for display on the Web.