AP World Exam Review

**What was progressive about the Civil Service Exam?**

Before the CSE only rich people got jobs but the CSE only helps people who actually have skills to get jobs

**Foot binding (reasons for)**

Little girls were told it was a sign of beauty, but it was also used to control women

**Peasants (function in society, percentage of the population)**

80% of China are peasants who are poor farmers. Most did not own land

**Nobles (Why were they powerful?)**

Nobles owned a lot of land

**“Mandate of Heaven” (What was it?  Why was it used?)**

It was a rule that states that the ruler is chosen by God. This was used so that the people wouldn’t rebel against their emperor

**Block Printing & Moveable type (effects)**

Made books faster, which made the prices drop for books and made it able for lower classmen to get an education

 **Paper Money & Credit (effects)**

Intensified trade

**silk, porcelain, steel (effects)**

made China the lead in trading

**Why was Buddhism disruptive to Confucian society?**

all of the beliefs were the opposite from each other

**Why did the Ming destroy their fleet of Junks & Why did China not aggressively pursue the Age of Exploration as Europe did?**

they already had trade coming into them, used resources to make the wall

**What made the Silk Road possible? (causes)**

The safety of the Mongols, and the camels

**Mahayana Buddhism - What is it? Why was it created? How is it different from the original form?**

A new form of Buddhism, to make Buddhism more popular, they let you keep your possessions and let you keep your local Gods

**Why was silk significant to the working class**

It made jobs for them

**Advantages over the Silk Road?**

more efficient, easier to travel, and much faster

**Monsoon winds made trade ____ & _____**

safer and predictable

**Lateen sail (was from... Was helpful because...)**

came from IO, allowed ships to sail into the wind

**Magnetic compass - Where is it from?  What did it do?**

China, allowed long distance trade

**Astrolabe - Where is it from?  What did it do?**

Arab world, helped long distance trade and used the stars to determine latitude

**Banana (was from... Ended up in ...)**

from Vietnam and ended up in Madagascar

**Islam – from where & where did it spread to?**

from Arabian Peninsula spread to east Africa to Indonesia

**What did East Africa, China, the Middle East and India trade on the Indian Ocean?**

EA: gold, ivory, slaves, lumber. CH: silk, porcelain, gunpowder. ME: coffee, books. IN: spices

**What empires were the first to control Indian Ocean Trade?  How was this done?**

Arab (Islamic) Empires bc the port cities and navigate the ocean with the lateen sail

**Camel from where? Was used for?**

Arabian Peninsula, used to travel

**Purpose of the Caravan System**

used in Sahara, safety in numbers

**Ghana & Mali – trade what for what? Because… (Who was exporting gold?  Why was gold valuable?  Who was exporting salt?  Why was salt valuable, 3 reasons)**

salt is valuable because they lose it from their bodies and it can preserve food and you just need salt to live

**What belief system spread to West Africa?  Why?**

Islam because the of the East Africans traveled to west Africa

**Why did they want to control the Silk Road?**

they had a plan to tax the silk road

**How did they innovate the Silk Road?**

they innovated it because robbers feared the Mongols, and the passport was invented

**Gunpowder (spread where to where?  Having what effect?)**

China to Europe

**Bubonic Plague (spread where to where? Because… It also spread on >>**

China to Europe it spread on trade

**Pony Express (purpose, effect)**

used for transportation

**Effect on Japan**

believed God was on their side

**What did the Chinese, Vikings & Polynesians accomplish prior to the Maritime Revolution?**

China explored the Indian Ocean. Vikings discovered North America, Greenland and Iceland. Polynesians found Hawaii

**Tributary System – What did people have to do for the Chinese emperor?  What does this tell us about China?**

They had to kowtow. This told us that China was powerful.

**Why is 1450 considered to be part of a new era?**

New and old world were connected

**How did Portugal begin the Maritime Revolution? Who did Portugal have to force out in order to achieve that goal?**

They conquered the Indian Ocean. They forced Arabs out

**Cartaz**

**license sold by the Portuguese to trade on the Indian Ocean**

**West African Trade v. East African Trade How open were they to trade with the Portuguese/Europeans?**

East Africa was not open as they were Muslims who had been educated about the crusades.

**Why does John Green call the Portuguese “glorified pirates?” – How is their control of a major trade route different from the Mongols?**

because they conquered it but didnt innovate

**Largest migration since Columbus’ “discovery?” 1492 - 1692**

West African migration

**Conquistadores (What was their primary goal? Secondary goal?)**

1. Gold
2. Power and religion

**Causes & consequences of Aztec & Inca defeats**

**Guns, germs and steel, horses, the wheel - germs kill the most natives.**

**Native American trade networks Size compared to those of the Eastern Hemisphere**

Small, limited due to population.

**Potato From where? Effect on Europe**

Andes, South America —> Europe

**Economic consequences of Silver mining in the Americas (on Europe, on China, Pieces of Eight, Petosi)**

First popular currency, Trade rised

**How were inventions from other cultures key to European success?**

Helped ppl explore