영어구문론 팝퀴즈대비 20250407 낱말 카드 | Quizlet

What are grammatical functions in syntax?

Subject, Object (Direct/Indirect), Predicative Complement, Oblique Complement, Modifier

How can you test subjecthood?

Agreement, Tag Question, Subject-Auxiliary Inversion.

What are common semantic roles?

Agent, Patient, Theme, Goal, Source, Experiencer, Stimulus, Instrument, Benefactive, Location.

What are common sentence patterns in English?

SVC (Copulative), SV (Intransitive), SVO (Transitive), SVOO (Ditransitive), SVOC (Object Complement).

What distinguishes complements from modifiers?

Complements are obligatory, non-repeatable, and form minimal phrases with the head. Modifiers are optional, repeatable, and attach to maximal phrases.

: What is the Binarity Principle?

Every syntactic node should branch into no more than two immediate constituents.

What is subcategorization?

The specification of what complements a verb requires (e.g., deny -> V + NP, give -> V + NP NP).

What is a construction in Construction Grammar?

A form-meaning pair that may be partially or fully non-compositional, frequent, or structurally/semantically marked.

What is compositionality?

The degree to which the meaning of an expression can be predicted from its parts.

What is the difference between a construction and a construct?

A construction is an abstract schema (type), and a construct is its instantiation (token).

How does Construction Grammar view language learning?

Bottom-up and usage-based, driven by pattern recognition and frequency, not by top-down rules.

Give an example of a construction that challenges traditional rule-based grammar.

"Iksoo gave his students good grades" (ditransitive construction).

What does VP -> V NP AP represent?

A verb phrase with a verb, a noun phrase, and an adjective phrase (e.g., He considers her smart)

What does the PS Rule 'VP -> Adv VP' allow?

An adverb to precede a verb phrase (e.g., quickly ran away).

How can you test subjecthood?