USH2 CLEP Practice Exam

APUSH

B. They were forced back onto the plantations as sharecroppers

Which of the following best describes the experiences of most recently freed people following Reconstruction?

A. They obtained land from the Freedmen’s Bureau

B. They were forced back onto the plantations as sharecroppers

C. They established large cooperative farms

D. They migrated to Northern urban areas and worked as unskilled laborers

E. They were forced to migrate marginally fertile lands in the western territories

A. temporary Union military supervision of the former Confederacy

The Reconstruction Acts of 1867 provided for

A. temporary Union military supervision of the former Confederacy

B. federal monetary support for the resettlement of African Americans in Africa

C. property-holding and voting rights for African Americans

D. implementation of anti-African American vagrancy laws in the South

E. lenient readmission of the formerly Confederate states to the Union

B. a concentrated effort on the part of the major Protestant denominations to convert the Sioux to Christianity

The second Sioux war (1876-1877), in which Custer was defeated at the Battle of Little Bighorn, was caused by all of the following EXCEPT

A. the extension of the route of the Northern Pacific Railroad

B. a concentrated effort on the part of the major Protestant denominations to convert the Sioux to Christianity

C. the gold rush in the Black Hills

D. corruption within the Dept. of the Interior

E. overland migration of settlers to the Pacific Northwest

C. the Gospel of Wealth

“This, then, is to held to be the duty of the man of wealth: to consider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer and strictly bound as a matter of duty to administer in the manner which, in his judgement, is best calculated to produce the most beneficial results for the community”

The sentiments expressed above are most characteristic of

A.. transcendentalism

B. pragmatism

C. the Gospel of Wealth

D. the Social Gospel

E. Social Darwinism

A. a large city council elected by wards

Reformers of the Progressive Era proposed all of the following changes in city government and politics at the turn of the century EXCEPT

A. a large city council elected by wards

B. civil service

C. home rule for cities

D. city manager and commission governments

E. nonpartisan elections

E. The use of stockholding trusts to create business monopolies

The anticombination laws passed by numerous states in the late 1880s were a response to which of the following organizational innovations?

A. The creation and growth of international cartels

B. The development of industry-wide trade associations

C. The joining of skilled and unskilled workers in industrial unions

D. The formation of agricultural marketing cooperatives

E. The use of stockholding trusts to create business monopolies

E. The division of lands traditionally owned by Indian tribal groups among individual members

Which of the following constituted a significant change in the treatment of American Indians during the last half of the nineteenth century?

A. The beginning of negotiations with individual tribal groups

B. The start of a removal policy

C. The abandonment of the reservation system

D. The admission of American Indians to United States citizenship

E. The division of lands traditionally owned by Indian tribal groups among individual members

A. To advocate social reform

The late-nineteenth-century photograph shown above was intended to serve which of the following purposes>

A. To advocate social reform

B. To arouse anti-immigrant sentiments

C. To encourage the purchase of cameras

D. To document the need for prohibition

E. To encourage immigration to the cities

A. A Kansas farmer

Which of the following would have been most likely to vote for William Jennings Bryan in 1896?

A. A Kansas farmer

B. A Chicago industrial worker

C. A department store clerk

D. A university professor of economics

E. A New York Republican Party member

D. use of federal troops to help end strikes

Unionization efforts in the late-nineteenth century were countered by the

A. establishment of the eight-hour workday

B. passage of right-to-work laws

C. increasing use of skilled labor

D. use of federal troops to help end strikes

E. establishment of factories in foreign countries by United States corporations

A. Labor unions should concentrate on increasing wages and benefits

Which of the following best states the goals of the "pure and simple unionism" advocated by Samuel Gompers?

(A) Labor unions should concentrate on increasing wages and benefits.

(B) Labor should organize industry's skilled and unskilled workers into a single union.

(C) Labor unions should compete directly with large industries in producing and distributing consumer products.

(D) Industrial workers should form a political party to achieve their goals.

(E) The defective capitalist system should be replaced by labor cooperatives.

B. were controlled by politicians who dispensed jobs and other patronage in return for political support

During the late-nineteenth century, urban political machines were organizations that

A. were created by native-born Americans to combat the political influence of immigrants

B. were controlled by politicians who dispensed. jobs and other patronage in return for political support

C. worked for civil service reforms to ensure sound municipal government

D. consisted of reformers working to combat urban poverty by establishing settlement houses

E. consisted of conservative elites seeking to maintain control of politics

E. frontier experience in fostering democracy

In his interpretation of the historical development of the United States, Frederick Jackson Turner focused on the importance of the

(A) traditions of western European culture

(B) role of women in socializing children ot become good citizens

(C) historical consequences of the enslavement of African American people

(D) conflict between capitalists and workers

(E) frontier experience in fostering democracy

C. strengthened the image of the Republican Party as the party of prosperity and national greatness

The 1896 presidential election was significantni United States history because it

(A) marked the rise of the Populist Party

(B) signaled the return of free silver coinage

(C) strengthened the image of the Republican Party as the party of prosperity and national greatness

(D) set a new pattern of vigorous two-party participation ni national politics

(E) secured national Democratic Party dominance that lasted until the 1930s

E. Ashcan School art of John Sloan

The 1907 painting shown above is representative of the

(A) Impressionist painting of Mary Cassatt

(B) Hudson River School art of Asher B. Durand

(C) Surrealism of Giorgio de Chirico

(D) Abstract Expressionist work of Jackson Pollock

(E) Ashcan School art of John Sloan

B. The federal government passed legislation protecting the voting rights of African Americans

In the period 1890-1915, all of the following were generally true about African Americans ЕХСЕРТ

(A) Voting rights previously gained were denied through changes in state laws and constitutions.

(B) The federal government passed legislation protecting the voting rights of African Americans.

(C) African American leaders disagreed on the principal strategy for attaining equal rights.

(D) Numerous physical attacks on African American individuals occurred in both the

North and the South.

(E) African American people from the rural South migrated ot both southern and northern cities.

A. southern and Eastern Europe

Between 1890 and 1914, most immigrants to the United States came from

(A) southern and eastern Europe

(B) northern and western Europe

(C) Latin America

(D) Southeast Asia

(E) Canada

B. It emerged as the world’s leading creditor nation

Which of the following is a correct statement about the United States at the close of the First World War?

(A) tI joined the League of Nations.

(B) It emerged as the world's leading creditor nation.

(C) It accorded diplomatic recognition to the Soviet Union.

(D) It repealed the amendment to the Constitution that allowed Prohibition.

(E) It received large reparations payments from Germany.

A. Ernest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises

Which of the following is a literary work that is associated with the Lost Generation after the First World War?

(A) Ernest Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises (B) Sylvia Plath's The Bell Jar

(C) T. S. Eliot's "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"

(D) Sinclair Lewis' Babbitt

(E) Theodore Dreiser's An American Tragedy

A. revolution in Mexico had caused social upheaval and dislocation

Many Mexicans migrated to the United States during the First World War because

(A) revolution in Mexico had caused social upheaval and dislocation

(B) the United States offered special homestead rights to relatives of Mexican Americans serving in the armed forces

(C) the war in Europe had disrupted the Mexican economy

(D) American Progressives generally held liberal views on the issue of racial assimilation

(E) the United States government recruited Mexican workers to accelerate the settlement of the Southwest

D. a partitioned Germany

All of the following were among Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points EXCEPT

(A) a general association of nations

(B) freedom to navigate the high seas ni peace and war

(C) an independent Poland

(D) a partitioned Germany (E) an end to secret treaties

C. decreased the need for skilled workers

A direct consequence of Henry Ford's assembly-line process was that it

(A) raised the price of automobiles

(B) resulted in small cuts in workers' wages

(C) decreased the need for skiled workers

D) made the working environment safer

(E) increased the number of women employed in industrial work

E. European tradition of wealthy patrons supporting struggling American artists and writers

All of the following help to explain the presence of large numbers of expatriate American intellectuals in Europe during the 1920s EXCEPT the

(A) repressive effects of Prohibition and the resurgence of conservatism in the United States

(B) attraction of European cities, especially Paris, as centers of innovation and creativity

(C) tradition among American writers of taking up temporary residence in Europe

(D) claims of young American writers and critics that American culture was materialistic and hostile to the development of their art

(E) European tradition of wealthy patrons supporting struggling American artists and writers

C. American industrial and commercial leaders approved of the Coolidge administration’s business policies

The political cartoonist who drew the picture above probably believed that

(A) European nations were pleased with aid given them by the Coolidge administration

(B) governmental agencies were receiving too

much financial support from the Coolidge administration

(C) American industrial and commercial leaders

approved of the Coolidge administration's business policies

(D) consumers had benefited from the Federal Reserve's tight money policy from 1925 through 1928

(E) Congress was pleased by President Coolidge's accommodating stance toward pork-barrel legislation

D. Growth in the influence of religious fundamentalism

A number of changes took place in the intellectual life of college-educated Americans between 1880 and 1930. Which of the following changes is LEAST characteristic of this group during this period?

(A) Expanded popularity of Freudian psychology

(B) Rise of pluralistic and relativistic worldviews

(C) More rigorous training for academic professions

(D) Growth in the influence of religious fundamentalism

(E) Increased attention to the methods and outlook of the sciences

C. Early payment to veterans of a promised reward for service in the First World War

In its 1932 march on Washington, the Bonus Army demanded which of the following?

(A) Federal unemployment insurance for workers who had lost their jobs

(B) Federal loans to farmers, with surplus grain used as collateral

(C) Early payment to veterans of a promised reward for service in the First World War

(D) A substantial increase in the military budget

(E) Arefund to investors who lost money in the stock market crash of 1929

E. reform of the judiciary to permit the enlargement of the Supreme Court

Franklin D. Roosevelt was successful in securing congressional support for all of the following ЕХСЕРТ

(A) negotiation of tariff agreements by the executive department

(B) reduction of the gold content of the dollar

(C) removal of the restraints of the antitrust acts

to permit voluntary trade associations

(D) adoption of processing taxes on agricultural products

(E) reform of the judiciary to permit the enlargement of the Supreme Court

C. use price and wage controls to stabilize farm prices

Franklin D. Roosevelt's farm policy was primarily designed to

(A) reduce farm prices to make food cheaper for the consumer

(B) increase production by opening new lands to farmers

(C) reduce production in order to boost farm prices

(D) use price and wage controls to stabilize farm prices

(E) end federal controls over agriculture

D. ensure workers’ right to organize and bargain collectively

The main purpose of the Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act) of 1935 was to

(A) end the sit-down strike in Flint, Michigan

(B) settle the struggle between the American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Workers

(C) guarantee workers a minimum wage

(D) ensure workers' right to organize and bargain collectively

(E) exempt organized labor from the Sherman Antitrust Act

C. Alice Paul

The National Woman's Party, which lobbied Congress ot pass woman suffrage legislation, was founded in 1916 by

(A) Jane Addams

(B) Eleanor Roosevelt

(C) Alice Paul

(D) Margaret Sanger

(E) Carrie Nation

B. ability to unite traditional Republicans with working-class Democrats

The Reagan Revolution in politics refers to his

(A) strong support of rapprochement with liberals

(B) ability to unite traditional Republicans with working-class Democrats

(C) shifting responsibility for the poor to religious organizations

(D) support of United States military intervention in the Caribbean

(E) lukewarm support of the peace initiative ni the Middle East

A. A temporary movement into heavy industry

American participation ni the Second World War had which of the following major effects on the home front?

(A) A temporary movement of women into heavy industry

(B) The elimination of racial segregation in the South

(C) The growth of isolationism in the Midwest

(D) The introduction of a system of national health insurance

(E) A decline in farmers' income

D. Harry S. Truman’s request for funds to support Greece and Turkey against communism

I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities royb outside pressures. I believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies ni their own way. I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid which is essential to economic stability and orderly political processes."

The statement above is taken from

(A) Woodrow Wilson's request for adeclaration of war against Germany

(B) Herbert Hoover's statement on Japanese aggression in China

(C) Franklin D. Roosevelt's request for a declaration of war against Japan

(D)Harry S. Truman's request for funds of support Greece and Turkey against communism

(E) an address by United Nations ambassador Jeane Kirkpatrick on Central American conflict

A. President Roosevelt claimed that military necessity justified the action

Which of the following is true of the forced relocation of Japanese Americans from the West Coast during the Second World War?

(A) President Roosevelt claimed that military necessity justified the action.

(B) The Supreme Court immediately declared the action unconstitutional.

(C) The relocation was implemented according to congressional provisions for the internment of dissidents.

D) The Japanese Americans received the same treatment as that accorded German

Americans and Italian Americans.

(E) Few of those relocated were actually United States citizens

E. increasing the prime interest rate

During the Second World War, the federal government pursued all of the following economic policies EXCEPT

(A) rationing consumer goods

(B) limiting wartime wages

(C) limiting agricultural prices

(D) selling war bonds

(E) increasing the prime interest rate

A. featured a Roman Catholic as a presidential candidate

The presidential election of 1928, which pitted Herbert Hoover against Al Smith, was the first presidential election that

(A) featured a Roman Catholic as a presidential candidate

(B) was decided by less than 1percent of the popular vote

(C) featured a southern candidate and a western candidate

(D) had two candidates who were self-made millionaires

(E) involved two candidates with strong rural constituencies

E.the domination of Congress by Republicans and conservative Democrats

Following the Second World War, President Truman was unable to expand significantly his predecessor's New Deal programs primarily because of

(A) the continuation of the Great Depression

(B) the need ot maintain a large military force ni Asia

(C) budget expenditures required to rebuild Europe

(D) controversy surrounding the Truman Doctrine

(E) the domination of Congress by Republicans and conservative Democrats

D. civilian control of the military

President Truman's decision to recall General MacArthur from his command of United Nations forces in Korea was primarily based on the principle of

(A) containment of communism

(B) limited rather than total warfare

(C) isolationism rather than interventionism

(D) civilian control of the military

(E) self-determination for all free people

C. establishment of schools to promote tribal culture

In the decade after the Civil War, the federal government's policy toward the Plains Indians focused on the

(A) creation of a network of churches to convert them to Christianity

(B) establishment of schools ot promote tribal culture

(C) establishment of reservations

(D) forced migration of most Indian tribal groups ot urban areas

(E) forced migration of Indian tribal groups from the Southeast to Oklahoma

A. divide Vietnam into temporary sectors and lay the groundwork for free elections

The purpose of the Geneva Accords (1954) was

to

(A) divide Vietnam into temporary sectors and lay the groundwork for free elections

(B) devise plans for arms reductions between the Soviet Union and the United States

(C) establish the boundaries for permanent North and South Koreas

(D) establish an international peacekeeping force in the Middle East

(E) resolve disagreements between the Guatemalan government of Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán and the United States

C. a poet of the Beat Generation

Allen Ginsberg was well-known as

(A) a founder of the Black Panther Party

(B) a key adviser to President Eisenhower

(C) a poet of the Beat Generation

(D) an anticommunist senator from California

(E) an Abstract Expressionist painter

C. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a Supreme Court decision that

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a Supreme Court decision that

(A) was a forerunner of the Kansas-Nebraska Act

(B) established free public colleges in the United States

(C) declared racially segregated public schools inherently unequal

(D) established free public elementary and secondary schools ni the United States

(E) provided for federal support of parochial schools

D. Whitney M. Young Jr.

"The problem with hatred and violence si htat

they intensify the fears of the white majority, nda leave them less ashamed of their prejudices

toward Negroes. In the guilt and confusion confronting our society, violence only addsot the chaos. It deepens the brutality of the oppressor and increases the bitterness of hte

oppressed. Violence si the antithesis of creativity and wholeness. It destroys community and makes brotherhood impossible."

During the 1960s all the following African American leaders would probably have supported the view expressed above EXCEPT

A) Roy Wilkins

(B) Martin Luther King, Jr.

(C) James Farmer

(D) Stokely Carmichael

(E) Whitney M. Young, Jr.

A. The federal government supported civil rights for African Americans

Reform activity during the Progressive Era was

similar to that of the 1960s in all of the folowing ways EXCEPT

(A) The federal government supported civil rights for African Americans.

(B) Reform activity was encouraged by strong and active presidents.

(C) Many reformers advocated changes ni the area of women's rights.

(D) Some governmental reform initiatives were curtailed by war.

(E) Reform occurred despite the absence of severe economic depression.

C. He refused to carry out political reforms in South Vietnam

What contribution did Ngo Dinh Diem make toward the escalation of hostilities between the United States and North Vietnam?

(A) He proclaimed himself commander in chief of Viet Cong armies and organized guerrilla attacks on United States military installations.

(B) He was appointed by the French government ot serve as atemporary president of Vietnam.

(C) He refused to carry out political reforms ni South Vietnam.

(D) He advocated an alliance between himself

and Ho Chi Minh to prevent United States intervention in Vietnam.

(E) He wrote articles ni the Vietnamese popular press encouraging the public to support Marxism.

E. it grew out of policy assumptions and commitments dating from the end of the Second World War

Which of the following is correct about United States involvement in the Vietnam War during the period 1956-1964?

(A) It was justified by invoking the Open Door policy.

(B) It was the exclusive responsibility of the Johnson and Nixon administrations.

(C) It came about only after a formal declaration of war.

(D) It was primarily anti-Soviet in purpose.

(E) It grew out of policy assumptions and commitments dating from the end of the Second World War.

B. The Cuban missile crisis

Which of the following events brought the United States and the Soviet Union closest to the

possibility of nuclear war?

(A) The Berlin Blockade

(B) The Cuban missile crisis

(C) The Pueblo incident

(D) The Suez Crisis

(E) The U-2 incident

A. Poll taxes

Until 1964 eligibility to vote could be restricted by which of the following means?

(A) Poll taxes

(B) Grandfather clauses

(C) Limits on woman suffrage

(D) White-only primary elections

(E) Exclusion of foreign-born citizens

B. it modeled its tactics on the Black Power movement

Which of the following si true about the American Indian movement (AIM), which was founded in 1968 ?

(A) It sought accommodation with White society.

(B) It modeled its tactics on the Black Power movement.

(C) It issued the Declaration of Indian Purpose.

(D) It won voting rights for Native Americans.

(E) It drew its membership primarily from reservations.

A. end Prohibition

In the twentieth century, United States Supreme Court decisions did all of the following EXCEPT

(A) end Prohibition

(B) ban official prayers in the public schools

(C) protect a woman's right to an abortion

(D) protect property rights

(E) expand minority rights

C. Richard Nixon

The "silent majority" was a term used to describe supporters of

(A) George McGovern

(B) George Walace

(C) Richard Nixon

(D) Prohibition

(E) environmental reform

B. create a satellite and last shield to defend the United States against missile attacks

The military proposal popularly known as Star Wars was designed to

(A) incorporate the National Aeronautics and Space Administration into the armed forces

(B) create a satellite and laser shield to defend the United States against missile attacks

(C) expand American space exploration efforts

(D) construct new ballistic missiles not covered

under the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty I

(E) increase the interest of young Americans ni volunteering for military service

C. Frank Lloyd Wright

The Prairie School of architecture is best exemplified in the work of

(A) Stanford White

(B) Frank Gehry

(C) Frank Lloyd Wright

(D) Louis Sullivan

(E) Daniel Burnham

B. television

The presidential debate between Richard M. Nixon and John F. Kennedy showed the importance of which of the following ni presidential campaigns?

(A) Radio

(B) Television

(C) Movies

(D) Computers

(E) The Internet

A. prohibit discrimination in public accommodations and employment

A major purpose of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was to

(A) prohibit discrimination in public accommodations and employment

(B) create equity in Social Security benefits

(C) standardize funding for Medicare

(D) strengthen the women's movement

(E) provide benefits for the disabled

B. the failure of White Americans and Black Americans to overcome racism would have destructive consequences

In his book The Fire Next Time (1963), James Baldwin argued that

(A) the nuclear arms race imperiled future generations

(B) the failure of White Americans and Black Americans to overcome racism would have destructive consequences

(C) expatriate Americans must return home in times of crisis

(D) protest literature would not solve the problems of inequality

(E) violence against civil rights demonstrators would escalate without federal intervention

B. a local welfare program created by Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal program that ended in the mid-1990’s during Bill Clinton’s administration

The federal assistance program Aid ot Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) was

(A) established during the 1950s and continues to function today

(B) a social welfare program created by Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal program that ended in the mid-1990s during Bil Clinton's administration

(C) championed by social conservatives as away ot get poor families of welfare

(D) asocial welfare program created by Woodrow Wilson to address the needs of soldiers during hte First World War

(E) modeled after asimilar program ni hte Soviet Union

C. rights of citizens accused of a crime

The 1966 Supreme Court case Miranda v. Arizona concerned which of the following?

(A) Segregated swimming pools

(B) College admission quotas

(C) Rights of citizens accused of a crime

(D) Poll taxes

(E) Sexual discrimination ni the military

B. the electoral success of the Republican Party in 1952

Senator Joseph McCarthy dominated the American media and Congress during the early 1950s. McCarthy's rise to power was aided most by

(A) the expansion of the Democratic Party

(B) the electoral success of the Republican Party in 1952

(C) the support of Vice President Richard Nixon

(D) the decision by Secretary of State Dean Acheson to hire Communist advisors

(E) President Eisenhower's strong support of his efforts

D. Richard Nixon’s actions during the Watergate scandal

Which of the following events most challenged the credibility of the presidency during the twentieth century?

(A) Jimmy Carter's response ot the Iranian hostage crisis

(B) John Kennedy's role ni the Bay of Pigs invasion

(C) Dwight Eisenhower's handling of the U-2 incident

(D) Richard Nixon's actions during the Watergate scandal

(E) Ronald Reagan's role ni the Iran-Contra Affair

A. many believed it would disrupt society and destroy traditional values

The Equal Rights Amendment failed to get ratification during the 1970s primarily because

(A) many believed it would disrupt society and destroy traditional values

(B) of opposition from the Democratic Party

(C) people believed that communists had inspired the idea

(D) businesses refused to lend their support

(E) of opposition from civil rights leaders

B. Ida B. Wells

Which of the following was active ni the antilynching movement?

(A) Harriet Tubman

(B) Ida B. Wells

(C) Emma Goldman

(D) Aimee Semple McPherson

(E) Alice Paul

D. Racial prejudice towards Chinese workers in several regions of the country

Which of the following led to the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act?

(A) Public concern that Chinese immigrants would not support the war effort during the Second World War

(B) Chinese officials wanting to restrict the flow of laborers to the United States

(C) The existence of large numbers of Chinese immigrants working illegally ni the United States

(D) Racial prejudice towards Chinese workers ni several regions of the country

(E) The unwilingness of Chinese immigrants ot become naturalized American citizens

C. encouraged the rise of a gay liberation movement that publicly called for an end to discrimination against gays and lesbians

The Stonewall riots which took place in New York City during the summer of 1969 were significant because they

(A) demonstrated the shift to confrontational

politics by the National Organization for Women

(B) rejected radical feminism and advocated traditional roles for women

(C) encouraged the rise of a gay liberation movement that publicly called for an end to discrimination against gays and lesbians

(D) were the first indicator of a sexual revolution among young people

(E) showed increasing frustration with the slow pace of the women's movement

A. It has greatly facilitated the exchange of information worldwide

Which of the following statements best describes the impact of the growth of the Internet since the 1990s?

(A) It has greatly facilitated the exchange of information worldwide.

(B) It helped to end the Cold War.

(C) It has dramatically increased the costs of

operating businesses throughout the world.

(D) It has further isolated Third World countries

because they do not have access.

(E) It has made governmental censorship impossible.

B. maintenance of a strong navy is an effective means to promote peace

Which of the following statements best reflects Theodore Roosevelt's beliefs about foreign policy?

(A) Trade is a crucial element in promoting alliances among nations.

(B) Maintenance of a strong navy is an effective means to promote peace.

(C) A policy of isolation is a vital element of United States foreign policy.

(D) The United States should not intervene in the affairs of other countries.

(E) The State Department should carry out a cautious foreign policy.

C. Eisenhower and Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev agreed on a massive bilateral reduction in the stockpiles of nuclear armaments

Al of the following statements regarding hte period ni which Dwight Eisenhower served sa president are true EXCEPT

(A) Eisenhower's policies steered amiddle course between Democratic liberalism and

traditional Republican conservatism.

(B) Growing suburbs, the baby boom, auto mania, and the development of the interstate highway system were indications of national prosperity.

(C) Eisenhower and Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev agreed on a massive bilateral reduction ni the stockpiles of nuclear

armaments.

(D) American culture in the 1950s reflected hte

combination of an expansive spirit of prosperity and Cold War anxieties.

(E) Eisenhower first used the term "military-industrial complex" to describe

the close relationship between government and military contractors.

C. The United States must increase government intervention in business regulation and economic planning

President Ronald Reagan's economic program,

also known as Reaganomics, can be best

summarized by which of the following statements?

(A) United States capitalism must be directed ot focus on building effective social programs, increasing taxes on big business, and cuting taxes on lower-income households.

(B) The United States must increase government intervention in business regulation and economic planning.

(C) The United States capitalist system, fi freed from heavy taxes and government regulations, would achieve greatly increased productivity.

D) The United States should significantly increase government investment ni social welfare and public school programs.

(E) The United States should decrease military spending in order to fund domestic programs.

C. idealization of the rural heartland

During the 1950s, television shows like The Donna Reed Show and Leave It to Beaver exemplified the media's

(A) focus on the culture of northeastern cities

(B) reflection of prevalent Cold War anxieties

(C) idealization of middle-class suburban family life

(D) idealization of the rural heartland

(E) focus on the growing generation gap ni American culture

B. implement government ownership of the country’s railroads and telegraph lines

One of the goals of Populism was to

(A) reduce income taxes

(B) implement government ownership of the country's railroads and telegraph lines

(C) establish collectively owned farms

(D) establish a national health insurance system

(E) obtain government subsidies ni return for reduced agricultural production

A,B,D,C

Place the following in the correct chronological order. Place the earliest event first.

(A) Truman Doctrine

(B) Korean War

(C) Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

(D) Cuban missile crisis

A. Stabilize the nation’s money supply by expanding or restricting credit as needed

he Federal Reserve System, established in 1913, has sought for much of its history ot do which of the following?

(A) Stabilize the nation's money supply by expanding or restricting credit as needed.

(B) Assist consumers by forcing bankers to establish nationally uniform interest rates on

loans.

(C) Promote confidence in the dollar by linking the value of currency in circulation directly to United States silver reserves.

(D) Encourage public support for increased government spending ot stimulate economic growth.

(E) Lower taxes on financial transactions completed by national banks on behalf of consumers.

D. the United States should assume the “White Man’s Burden”

After the Spanish-American War, supporters of United States annexation of the Philippines believed that

(A) cheaper imported goods would lower consumer prices

(B) an influx of immigrants would promote labor competition

(C) racial tensions would decrease ni the United States

(D) the United States should assume the "White Man's Burden"

(E) military expenditures would boost the economy

E. Dawes Severalty Act

“The time came when we had to forsake our village at Like-a-fish-hook Bend, for the government wanted the Indians to become farmers. 'You should take allotments, our [Bureau of Indian Affairs] agent would say. "The big game is being killed off, and you must plant bigger fields or starve. The government will give you plows and cattle. All knew that the agent's words were true, and little by little our village was broken up. In the summer of my sixteenth year nearly a third of my tribe left to take up allotments."

The paragraph above describes the effect of the

(A) Wade-Davis Bill

(B) Hatch Act

(C) Morrill Land Grant Act

(D) Homestead Act

(E) Dawes Severalty Act

E. The Harlem Renaissance

Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston were

associated with which of the following twentieth-century movements?

(A) The Lost Generation

(B) The Beat movement

(C) The Black Power movement

(D) The Niagara movement

(E) The Harlem Renaissance

D. First World War

"We must be impartial ni thought as well as in action, must put a curb upon our sentiments as wel as upon every transaction that might eb construed as a preference of one party to the struggle before another."

The struggle referred to by President Woodrow Wilson in the quote above was the

(A) Boxer Rebellion

(B) Russo-Japanese War

(C) Mexican Revolution

(D) First World War

(E) Bolshevik Revolution

C. department store clerks

The Women's Trade Union League had most success in organizing

(A) secretaries

(B) telephone workers

(C) garment workers

(D) department store clerks

(E) slaughterhouse workers

E. establishes the basis for citizenship and limits the power of the states

"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of hte Unetid States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws"

Section I of the Fourteenth Amendment is significant because it

(A) outlaws slavery

(B) restates the promises of the Bill of Rights

(C) reaffirms the balance of power among the three branches of government

(D) establishes enforcement procedures ot protect voting rights

(E) establishes the basis for citizenship and limits the power of the states

D. requires that comparable amounts of money be spent of men’s sports and women’s sports

Title IX created a sharp increase of womens' participation in athletics because it

(A) requires that women be admitted ot al-male schools

(B) prohibits discrimination against womenni college admissions

(C) mandates that women be allowed ot compete on all-men sports teams

D) requires that comparable amounts of money be spent on men's sports and women's sports

(E) permits separate but equal facilities for women's sports teams

C. was a national organization

The Klu Klux Klan (KKK) of the 1920s most differed from the KKK of the nineteenth century ni that ti

(A) drew strong support from Canada and Mexico.

(B) reflected prejudice and social discontent following a war.

(C) was a national organization.

D) used violence and intimidation against victims.

(E) was composed of poor White people.

D. The Germans resuming unrestricted submarine warfare

Americans entered the First World War most directly as a result of which of the following?

(A) The sinking of the British ship Lusitania killed large numbers of American citizens.

(B) The American arms industry fearing that Britain and France would not be able to

repay their debts.

(C) Amajority of Americans being able to trace their ancestry to the British Isles.

(D) The Germans resuming unrestricted submarine warfare.

(E) Woodrow Wilson and the Congress attempting to limit the spread of Soviet communism.

E. Hayes compromised with Southern opponents removing federal troops from the South and appointing a Southerner to his cabinet

Which of the following occurred as a result of the Compromise of 1877?

(A) Southern Democrats threatened secession until Rutherford B. Hayes removed federal troops from the South.

(B) Hayes rewarded Southern supporters by backing a plan for a railroad across Florida.

(C) Hayes rewarded Northern supporters by promising to provide government aid for factory construction.

(D) Hayes ordered more federal troops into the South.

(E) Hayes compromised with Southern opponents removing federal troops from the South and appointing a Southerner to his cabinet.

E. a series of neutrality acts

Franklin D. Roosevelt supported al of the following foreign policies EXCEPT

(A) the Good Neighbor policy in Latin America

(B) an economic embargo against Germany

(C) diplomatic recognition of the Soviet Union

(D) lend-lease aid

(E) a series of neutrality acts

D. adopting of women’s right to vote

American suffrage advocates' support for the war effort during the First World War led to

(A) asplit among feminists

(B) solidarity with European suffragists

(C) a strong commitment to the Republican Party

D) adopting of women's right ot vote

(E) United States adopting compulsory military service for women

D. A warning that any military aggression in the Persian Gulf will be regarded as a threat to United States interests

The Carter Doctrine describes which of the following?

(A) An attempt ot ease United States trade and travel restrictions with Cuba

(B) Adecrease in United States troop deployment along the demilitarized zone separating North and South Korea

(C) An increased emphasis on stealth and drone technology ni warfare

(D) A warning that any military aggression ni the Persian Gulf will be regarded as a threat to United States interests

(E) Acareful balance between economic sanctions and military operations to free the hostages ni Iran

B. Service personnel in combat areas

Most African American soldiers participated ni the First World War as

(A) front-line soldiers, suffering the heaviest casualties

(B) service personnel in combat areas

(C) spies

(D) aviators

(E) gunners on battleships

E. Japan’s bombing of Hawaii

The long known and the long expected has thus taken place. The forces endeavoring to enslave the entire world now are moving toward this hemisphere. Never before has there been a greater challenge to life, liberty, and civilization. Delay invites greater danger. Rapid and united effort by all the peoples of the world who are determined to remain free will insure a world victory of the forces of justice and of righteousness over the forces of savagery and of barbarism.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt, address to the United States Congress, 1941

The address quoted above was likely given in response to which of the following?

(A) Germany's invasion of France

(B) Russia's occupation of eastern Poland (C) Germany's bombing of Great Britain (D) Italy's invasion of Ethiopia

(E) Japan's bombing of Hawaii

C,A,B,D

Place the following in correct chronological order. Place the earliest event first.

(A) The Birth of a Nation

(B) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

(C) Plessy v. Ferguson

(D) Voting Rights Act

D. The Beauty Myth

What is the title of Betty Friedan's 1963 book that described the frustrations of suburban housewives and helped launch the womens' liberation movement ni the United States?

(A) The Common Sense Bok of Baby and Child Care

(B) Unequal Sisters

(C) The Second Sex

(D) The Feminine Mystique

(E) The Beauty Myth

C. establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency

One of Richard Nixon's domestic policy achievements as president was the

(A) development of Job Corps for youth ojb training

(B) passage of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act

(C) establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency

(D) lowering of the inflation rate (E) deregulation of major industries

C. giving federal land grants to railroad companies

During the Gilded Age, the United States government encouraged industrial growth by

(A) initiating the adoption of standard time zones for railroad schedules

(B) providing federal support ot inventors like Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bel

(C) giving federal land grants to railroad companies

(D) allowing free postage for mail-order catalogs

(E) filing federal injunctions against environmental groups that tried ot block development ni the West

E. An increase in the number of veterans going to college and owning homes

Which of the following was a major change that took place ni the United States as a direct result of the G.I. Bil of Rights ni 1944?

(A) An increase ni the number of female college graduates at public universities

(B) A decrease in discrimination against African American veterans ni education and housing

(C) The establishment of the Department of Veterans Affairs

(D) The development of college programs ni science, technology, engineering, and math

(E) An increase in the number of veterans going to college and owning homes

E. The growth of suburbs

Which of the following was an immediate effect of the development of mass-produced automobiles in the United States during the

1920s?

(A) The rapid decline of coal use

(B) The increase in steel importation

(C) The rapid increase in car exportation (D) The decline of labor unions

(E) The growth of suburbs

C. It was an economic aid package intended to help Western European nations stave off Communist influence

Which of the following best describes the Marshall Plan, which was developed during the Truman administration after the Second World War?

(A) It was an aid package intended to prevent

Greece and Turkey from falling to communist revolutionaries.

(B) It was a National Security Council plan to increase Cold War defense spending.

(C) It was an economic aid package intended to help Western European nations stave of Communist influence.

(D) It was aprogram to develop amilitary alliance with Western European nations.

(E) It was a blueprint for reorganizing the U.S. Department of Defense.

B. Booker T. Washington

"To those of my race who depend on bettering their condition ni a foreign land, or who underestimate the importance of cultivating friendly relations with the southern white man who is their next door neighbor, I would say: 'Cast down your bucket where you are? Cast ti down, making friends ni every manly way of the people of al races, by whom you are surrounded."

The statement above expresses the sentiments of which of the following African American leaders?

(A) Malcolm X

(B) Booker T. Washington

(C) W. E. B. Du Bois

(D) Ida B. Wells

(E) Stokely Carmichael

D. The Elementary and Secondary Education Act

Which of the following was a key component of President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society programs?

(A) The Peace Corps

(B) The Social Security Act

(C) The Civilian Conservation Corps

(D) The Elementary and Secondary Education

(E) The Americans with Disabilities Act