CDEP (Construction D5)

HVAC

And internationally accepted abbreviation for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning

Air Conditioning

the simultaneous control of the temperature, humidity, motion and purity of the air in a confined space.

Air Conditioning Standards

1) Cooling and De-Humidifying

2) Heating and Humidifying

3) Air Motion

4) Air Supply

ACCU

Air Conditioning Condensing Unit

FCU

Fan Coil Unit, is a device that uses a coil and a fan to heat or cool a room without connecting to ductwork

AHU

Air Handling Unit, A central unit consisting of a blower, heating and/or cooling elements, filter racks, dampers, humidifier, and other central equipment in direct contact with the airflow.

Types of Split Type ACU

1) Standing Unit

2) Wall Mounted

3) Ceiling Mounted

4) Cassette Type Ceiling Mounted

5) Duct Type

Cooling Tower

A structure, usually on the roof of a building, in which heat is extracted from water that has been used for cooling.

Return Air

The air conveyed from an airconditioned space back to the central plant for processing an recirculation

Damper

A moveable plate for regulating drafft in an air outlet, air duct, the throat of a fireplace

Exhaust Air

The air exhausted from an interior space to the outside

Fresh Air

Outdoor air drawn in for treatment in an air-conditioning system. Called outside air

Filter

A porous substance or mass, as cloth or a layer of charcoal, through which a gas or liquid is passed to remove suspended impurities or to recover solids.

Mechanical Equipment Room

any room containing permanent installed machinery and equipment. Room for the mechanical systems of a building

Preheater

A coil for heating air that is below 0°C (32°F) to a temperature slightly above freezing, in advance of other processing

Chiller

A device employing the compressive refrigeration cycle to chill the water used in cooling a building

Chilled Water Plant

A room containing one or more chillers and pumps for air-conditioning a building

Pump

A machine that raises, transfers, or compresses fluids or gases by suction or pressure produced by a piston, plunger, or set of rotating vanes

Humidifier

A device for maintining or increasing the amount of water vapor in the air of a room or building

Blower

A fan for supplying air at a moderate pressure as to supply forced drafts in a heating or air-conditioning system.

Air Supply

The conditioned air delivered by an air-conditioning system to the served spaces.

Elevator

A moving platform or cage for carrying passengers or freight from one level of a building to another.

Two Types of Elevator

1) Oil-Hydraulic Elevators -supported by a piston that is moved by or moved against a fluid under pressure

2) Electric Elevators -mounted on guide rails supported by hoisting cables, and driven by electric hoisting machine (Traction Elevator)

Lift

British term for elevator

Passenger Elevator

Elevator for the exclusive use of passengers.

Freight Elevator

An elevator for carrying heavy cargo, on which the operator and the persons necessary for unloading and loading the freight are permitted to ride.

Dumbwaiter

a small elevator used to convey food (or other goods) from one floor of a building to another. Hoistway (3ft x 3ft) Car (2ft x 2ft 6in)

Bulkhead

Boxlike structure on a roof providing access to a stairwell or an elevator shaft.

Hoisting Machinery

For raising and lowering an elevator car;has motor generator set ,traction machine, speed governor ,brake,drive shaft,driving sheave and gears

Control Panel

Contains switches, buttons and other equipment for regulating electrical devices.

Driving Sheave

A wheel or disk with a grooved rim, used as pulley for hoisting.

Idle Sheave

A pulley for tightening and guiding the hoisting cables of an elevator system. Also called deflector sheave.

Machine Beam

One of the heavy steel beams supporting the hoisting machinery for an elevator

Hoisting Cable

One of the wire cables or ropes used for raising and lowering an elevator car

Guide Rail

One of the vertical steel tracks controlling the travel of an elevator car or counterweight

Traveling Cable

One of the electric cables connecting an elevator car to a fixed electrical outlet in the hoistway.

Counterweight

A weight balancing another weight to counterbalance the load placed on the hoisting machine by an elevator car

Limit Switch

Automatically cuts off current to an electric motor when an object moved by it has passed a given point.

Buffer

A piston or spring device for absorbing the impact of a descending elevator car or counterweight at the extreme lower limit of travel

Bottom Car Clearance

The vertical distance from the floor of an elevator pit to the lowest part of an elevator car platform when the car rests on fully compressed buffers

Elevator Pit

The portion of a hoistway exrending from ghe level of the lowest landing to the floor of the hoistway

Hoistway Door

A door between hoistway and an elevator landing, normally closed except when an elevator car is stopped at the landing.

Elevator Car Safety

A mechanical device for slowing down and stopping an elevator car in the event of excessive speed.

Landing

The portion of a floor adjacent to an elevator Hoistway, used for the receiving and discharge of passengers or freight.

Hoistway

A vertical enclosed space for the travel of one or more elevators, also called an elevator shaft

Top Car Clearance

The vertical distance from the top of an elevator car to the nearest overhead obstruction when the car platform is level with the top landing.

Penthouse

A structure housing elevator machinery on the roof of a building

Bank

A row of elevators in a high-rise building controlled by a common operating system and responding to a single call button

Rise

The vertical distance traversed by an elevator car from the lowest to the highest landings of the hoistway. Also called travel

Variants of Electric Elevators

1) MRL / Marchine Roomless Elevators

2) Gearless Traction Elevators

3) Geared Traction Elevators

Lantern

A light usually over the elevator entrance signals the approach of the elevator

Annunciator

Signaling apparatus in an elevator or at a landing. Indication of floor landings

Call Button

A push button for requesting an elevator

Door Interlock

A safety device for preventing the operation of an elevator car unless the hoistway door is locked in the closed position.

Door Contact

A safety device for preventing the operation of an elevator car unless its door or gate is fully closed

Escalator

A power driven stairway consisting of steps attached to a continuously circulating belt, used for moving passengers up and down between floors.

Escalator Specification

Width = 32" & 48" / 800mm & 1200mm

Angle of Inclination = 30°

Length = Variable

Speed = 90fpm & 120fpm

Parts of Escalator Installation

1) Truss

2) Tracks

3) Sprocket Assemblies, Chains, and Drive Machine

4) Driving Machine

5) Contoller

6) Handrail and Balustrade Assembly

Types of Moving Sidewalks or Electric Walks

1) People Mover

2) Moving Sidewalk

3) Inclined Moving Sidewalk

4) Inclined Lift

Plumbing System

The systems of pipes, valves, fixtures, and other apparatus of a water supply or sewage system

Main Components of a Building Plumbing System

1) Water Distribution System

2) Plumbing Fixtures

3) Sanitary Drainage System

4) Storm Drainage System

Components and Flow in Water System

Supply > Distribution > Use > Collection > Disposal > Treatment > Source

3 Elements of Water Supply

1) Gate Valve

2) Water Meter

3) Check Valve

3 Sources of Water

1) Rain Water

2) Natural Surface Water

3) Ground Water

Water Distribution System

A system of pipes, valves, and fixtures for distributing and using water in a building.

Types of Cold Water Distribution

1) Direct Upfeed System - direct to fixtures

2) Air Pressure System (Pneumatic) - pump to fixtures

3) Downfeed / Overheadfeed / Gravity System = cistern > pump > elevated water tank to fixtures

Water Closet

A fixture consisting of ceramic bowl with a detachable hinged seat and lid and device for flushing water used for defecation and urination. Also called toilet

Water Closet Types According to Flushing Action

1) Wash Down - trapway located at front

2) Reverse Trap - trap located at the rear

3) Siphon Jet - larger trapway

4) Siphon Vortex - whirlpool flush

5) Direct Flush Valve

2 Subsystems of Sanitary System

1) Waste Collection

2) Ventillation

Waste Pipe

Conveys only wastewater or liquid waste free of fecal matter.

Vent Pipe

used for ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing system and for relieving the negative pressure exerted on trap seals.

Trap

a fitting or device designed and constructed to provide, when properly vented, a liquid seal which prevents the backflow of foul air or methane gas without materially affecting the flow of sewage or wastewater through it.

Stack

the vertical main of a system of soil, waste or vent pipings extending through one or more stories and extended thru the roof

Branch

Any part of the piping system other than a main, riser or stack

House / Building Drain

Part of the lowest horizontal piping of a plumbing system which receives the discharges from the soil, waste and other drainage pipes inside of a building and conveys it to the house sewer outside of the building.

House/Building Sewer

extends from the house drain at a point 0.60 meters from the outside face of the foundation wall of a building to the junction with the street sewer or to any point of discharge, and conveying the drainage of one building site.

Ventikation System

Portion of the drainage pipe installation intended to maintain a balanced atmospheric pressure inside the system

Vent Pipe

A pipe or opening used for ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing system and for relieving the negative pressure exerted on trap seals

Major Types of Vent

1) Main Soil & Waste Vent : backbone of the entire sanitary system

2) Main Vent - collecting vent line

3) Individual Vent or Back Vent : vent a fixture trap

4) Unit, Common or Dual Vent : 1 vent pipe serves 2 traps

5) Relief Vent : additional circulation of air between drainage and vent systems

6) Yoke or By-Pass Vent : connecting upward from a soil

7) Circuit Vent : Loop Vent; serves as battery of fixtures

8) Looped Vent : used in spaces without partitions

9) Wet Vent : wastewater also flows through

10) Dry Vent: does not carry liquid

11) Local Vent: convey foul air

12) Stack Vent: extension of a soil or waste stack

13) Vent Stack: providing circulation of air

Grease Trap

Used for fixtures where grease may be introduced into the drainage or sewer system.

2 Main Types of Grease Traps

1) Earth Cooled Grease Trap

2) Mechanical Grease Trap / Interceptor

Septic Tank

A covered watertight tank for receiving the discharge from a building sewer separating out the solid organic matter which is decomposed and purified by anaerobic bacteria and allowing the clarified liquid to discharge for final disposal

Types of Pipe Fittings

1) Cast Iron Soil Pipe

2) Acid Resistant Cast Iron Pipe

3) Asbestos Pipe

4) Bituminous Fiber Sewer Pipe

5) Vitrified Clay Pipe

6) Lead Pipe

7) Galvanized Wrought Iron Pipe

8) Copper Pipe

9) Brass Pipe