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1800 - 1848
Main themes
Expanding roles of the US in world affairs
The transformation of the society and economy
Americans coming to terms with the growing Democratic impulses
Who was president as of 1800?
Thomas Jefferson
What were the two main debates between Democratic-Republicans and the Federalists?
American relations with foreign powers
The scope of federal power
Example of American relations with foreign powers
Barbary Pirate Conflicts
Example of the Scope of Federal Powers in the US
Louisiana Purchase: Jefferson contradicted his strict constructionist views by justifying the purchase-completed by James Monroe-as a means of pushing natives westward
Corps of Discovery
started by Lewis and Clark; to explore the newly acquired Louisiana Territory and find a route to the Pacific Ocean.
Marbury v. Madison
Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review, allowing the Court to invalidate laws deemed unconstitutional.
Things that increased Federal Power within Jefferson’s Presidency
Included the Louisiana Purchase, the establishment of the National Bank, and the use of federal funds for internal improvements.
McCulloch v. Maryland
Supreme Court case that affirmed the supremacy of federal laws over state laws and confirmed the constitutionality of the National Bank.
The causes of the War of 1812
trade restrictions
impressment
Territorial Disputes
Which group opposed the war of 1812 and which was for it?
Federalists opposed; Democrats-Republicans were for it
Example of Federalist opposition to the war of 1812
Hartford Convention; argued that New England should secede
Results of the War of 1812 in America
intense nationalism
demise of the Federalist Party
Era of Good Feelings
Newfound Dependence on American Production
Example of Regional Issues trumping National Concerns
Henry Clay’s American System
What are the three parts of the American System?
Federally funded internal improvements (vetoed)
Implementation of protective tariffs
Re-established Bank of the United States
Regional tension example after the war of 1812
Missouri applying for statehood; slave or free? Must maintain balance
Compromise of 1820
Missouri Slave; Maine Free; 36-30 line separated slave/free states
Goals of America during Monroe’s Presidency
Firm boundaries
gain territories
Adams-Onis Treaty
JQA; Spain sold Florida
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
established the western hemisphere as the US sphere of influence, to never be influenced by European countries
Market Revolution
the linking of northern industries with western and southern farms which was created by advances in agriculture, industry, communication, and transportation
Sparks of the Market Revolution
Technological Advancements such as the Cotton Gin, Spinning Machine, Steam Boats, and Interchangeable Parts
American System of Manufacturing
Water powered machines and the division of labor into small repeatable tasks performed by unskilled laborers
Transportation as a part of the Market Revolution
Erie Canal, Railroads, and Steam Boats
What did the Market Revolution cause?
American Industry became more interdependent and promoted the growth of western agriculture
Societal Changes along with the Market Revolution
Population and Diversity Explosion; immigration, growing middle class, cult of domesticity in upper and middle class.
Panic of 1819: Cause and Effect
Cause: Irresponsible banking practices and decreased demand for exports
Effect: Working men demanded the franchise/voting rights
Result of the Panic of 1819
The relinquishment of property-owning requirements for voting
Election of 1824: Party Split
National Republicans: loose constructionists; JQA & Henry Clay
Democrats: Strict Constructionists; Andrew Jackson
Election of 1824 Results
Corrupt Bargain; JQA elected by the House (Henry Clay in House), JQA made Henry Clay VP
Main disagreement between the Democrats and the Whigs
Scope of Federal Power
Examples of the Conflict on Federal Power (democrats and whigs)
Tariff of 1828/Tariff of Abominations, Jackson’s Veto of the Second Bank of the United States, Indian Removal Act
What was a result of the Tariff of Abominations?
Calhoun developed the Doctrine of Nullification: State’s right to refuse to follow a federal law if they believe it is unconstitutional
What was Jackson’s response to nullification?
Force Bill: gave him authority to use federal troops to defend federal law
Why did Jackson disagree with a national bank?
He was for the “common man” and believed that it favored the elite; he vetoed it
Worcester V. Georgia Outcome
Court ruled Cherokee Nation was sovereign and Georgia did not have the right to impose state laws within their boundaries
Treaty of New Echota
exchanged Cherokee land in Georgia for a reservation territory west of the Mississippi River
Forced Native American Removal in 1848
Trail of Tears
American Culture and Reform during Jackson’s Presidency
Transcendentalism; emphasized human passion and mystery
Leaders of the Transcendentalist Philosophy
Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau
Examples of Reform during the Transcendentalist Period
Abolitionism, Temperance, and Women’s Suffrage
Result of Transcendentalist Philosophy
Utopian Communities; values of democracy and equality; Second Great Awakening (most significant)
Most important aspect of Camp Meetings aligned with the Second Great Awakening
Relatively Egalitarian; white, black, methodist, baptist, free, slave: DIVERSE
Charles Finney as a figure in the Second Great Awakening
Preached about Moral Reformation; brought it to the cities
Most significant results of the Second Great Awakening
The Temperance Movement, Mormonism, and the Abolitionist Movement
Cause of Abolitionism Spreading
Publication in 1831 of William Lloyd Garrison’s Newspaper; The Liberator; AASS
What did the growth of the Abolitionist Movement cause and why?
It grew Women’s Suffrage movements because a lot of women supported abolitionism and if they wanted to do anything about it, they needed to vote
Seneca Falls Convention
drafted the Declaration of Sentiments
How did westward expansion affect the South?
Created a wealthy plantation aristocracy; sought to protect profits through harsh enforcement against slaves
Nat Turner’s Rebellion
slave rebellion; killed over 50 white people and furthered fear in southern slave owners
What is important to note about Southerners at the time of Nat Turner’s Rebellion?
They were Yeoman Farmers; owned no slave, but believed in the institution of slavery
Note 
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