Unit 4 Midterm Exam - Heimler

1800 - 1848

Main themes

1. Expanding roles of the US in world affairs

2. The transformation of the society and economy

3. Americans coming to terms with the growing Democratic impulses

Who was president as of 1800?

Thomas Jefferson

What were the two main debates between Democratic-Republicans and the Federalists?

1. American relations with foreign powers

2. The scope of federal power

Example of American relations with foreign powers

Barbary Pirate Conflicts

Example of the Scope of Federal Powers in the US

Louisiana Purchase: Jefferson contradicted his strict constructionist views by justifying the purchase-completed by James Monroe-as a means of pushing natives westward

Corps of Discovery

started by Lewis and Clark; to explore the newly acquired Louisiana Territory and find a route to the Pacific Ocean.

Marbury v. Madison

Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review, allowing the Court to invalidate laws deemed unconstitutional.

Things that increased Federal Power within Jefferson’s Presidency

Included the Louisiana Purchase, the establishment of the National Bank, and the use of federal funds for internal improvements.

McCulloch v. Maryland

Supreme Court case that affirmed the supremacy of federal laws over state laws and confirmed the constitutionality of the National Bank.

The causes of the War of 1812

1. trade restrictions

2. impressment

3. Territorial Disputes

Which group opposed the war of 1812 and which was for it?

Federalists opposed; Democrats-Republicans were for it

Example of Federalist opposition to the war of 1812

Hartford Convention; argued that New England should secede

Results of the War of 1812 in America

1. intense nationalism

2. demise of the Federalist Party

3. Era of Good Feelings

4. Newfound Dependence on American Production

Example of Regional Issues trumping National Concerns

Henry Clay’s American System

What are the three parts of the American System?

1. Federally funded internal improvements (vetoed)

2. Implementation of protective tariffs

3. Re-established Bank of the United States

Regional tension example after the war of 1812

Missouri applying for statehood; slave or free? Must maintain balance

Compromise of 1820

Missouri Slave; Maine Free; 36-30 line separated slave/free states

Goals of America during Monroe’s Presidency

1. Firm boundaries

2. gain territories

Adams-Onis Treaty

JQA; Spain sold Florida

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

established the western hemisphere as the US sphere of influence, to never be influenced by European countries

Market Revolution

the linking of northern industries with western and southern farms which was created by advances in agriculture, industry, communication, and transportation

Sparks of the Market Revolution

Technological Advancements such as the Cotton Gin, Spinning Machine, Steam Boats, and Interchangeable Parts

American System of Manufacturing

Water powered machines and the division of labor into small repeatable tasks performed by unskilled laborers

Transportation as a part of the Market Revolution

Erie Canal, Railroads, and Steam Boats

What did the Market Revolution cause?

American Industry became more interdependent and promoted the growth of western agriculture

Societal Changes along with the Market Revolution

Population and Diversity Explosion; immigration, growing middle class, cult of domesticity in upper and middle class.

Panic of 1819: Cause and Effect

Cause: Irresponsible banking practices and decreased demand for exports

Effect: Working men demanded the franchise/voting rights

Result of the Panic of 1819

The relinquishment of property-owning requirements for voting

Election of 1824: Party Split

National Republicans: loose constructionists; JQA & Henry Clay

Democrats: Strict Constructionists; Andrew Jackson

Election of 1824 Results

Corrupt Bargain; JQA elected by the House (Henry Clay in House), JQA made Henry Clay VP

Main disagreement between the Democrats and the Whigs

Scope of Federal Power

Examples of the Conflict on Federal Power (democrats and whigs)

Tariff of 1828/Tariff of Abominations, Jackson’s Veto of the Second Bank of the United States, Indian Removal Act

What was a result of the Tariff of Abominations?

Calhoun developed the Doctrine of Nullification: State’s right to refuse to follow a federal law if they believe it is unconstitutional

What was Jackson’s response to nullification?

Force Bill: gave him authority to use federal troops to defend federal law

Why did Jackson disagree with a national bank?

He was for the “common man” and believed that it favored the elite; he vetoed it

Worcester V. Georgia Outcome

Court ruled Cherokee Nation was sovereign and Georgia did not have the right to impose state laws within their boundaries

Treaty of New Echota

exchanged Cherokee land in Georgia for a reservation territory west of the Mississippi River

Forced Native American Removal in 1848

Trail of Tears

American Culture and Reform during Jackson’s Presidency

Transcendentalism; emphasized human passion and mystery

Leaders of the Transcendentalist Philosophy

Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau

Examples of Reform during the Transcendentalist Period

Abolitionism, Temperance, and Women’s Suffrage

Result of Transcendentalist Philosophy

Utopian Communities; values of democracy and equality; Second Great Awakening (most significant)

Most important aspect of Camp Meetings aligned with the Second Great Awakening

Relatively Egalitarian; white, black, methodist, baptist, free, slave: DIVERSE

Charles Finney as a figure in the Second Great Awakening

Preached about Moral Reformation; brought it to the cities

Most significant results of the Second Great Awakening

The Temperance Movement, Mormonism, and the Abolitionist Movement

Cause of Abolitionism Spreading

Publication in 1831 of William Lloyd Garrison’s Newspaper; The Liberator; AASS

What did the growth of the Abolitionist Movement cause and why?

It grew Women’s Suffrage movements because a lot of women supported abolitionism and if they wanted to do anything about it, they needed to vote

Seneca Falls Convention

drafted the Declaration of Sentiments

How did westward expansion affect the South?

Created a wealthy plantation aristocracy; sought to protect profits through harsh enforcement against slaves

Nat Turner’s Rebellion

slave rebellion; killed over 50 white people and furthered fear in southern slave owners

What is important to note about Southerners at the time of Nat Turner’s Rebellion?

They were Yeoman Farmers; owned no slave, but believed in the institution of slavery