Physics Final Exam Theory

reference point

Velocities are relative to your

principle of relativity

Galileo is credited with establishing this in what is known as the

right angle triangle

The component method forces each vector to create a

UNIFORM MOTION

When an object maintains a constant velocity

UNIFORM ACCELERATION

When an objects velocity changes at a constant rate

PROJECTILE MOTION

How objects fly through the air

CIRCULAR MOTION

When an object turns, but maintains a constant radius/speed around a circle

HARMONIC MOTION

A form of periodic (repeating) motion

Kinematics

how objects move

Dynamics

why objects move

Law of Inertia

"An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will remain in motion, unless an external force acts on it to change its state"

Law of Acceleration

Force causes CHANGES in motion

Action & Reaction

Force pairs are equal in magnitude, but act in the opposite direction

Centripetal force

is a force that acts on an object to keep the path it takes circular

Field

is any physical quantity which takes on different values at different locations(which may vary over time)

GAUSS FLUX THEOREM

a charged particle will create an electric field

FARADAYS LAW

if you change a magnetic field, you create an electric field

GAUSS LAW OF MAGNETISM

magnetic fields form closed loops(no origin)

AMPERES LAW

if you have a current in a wire, it creates a magnetic field

Work

the amount of energy required to move an object a certain displacement parallel to the net force causing that movement

SHM

an object goes through when its acceleration is proportional to its displacement from an equilibrium position

Momentum

quantity of motion

Impulse

change in momentum, relevant to mass and velocity

Electromagnetism

Maxwell combined the topics of electricity, magnetism and optics (light) into this single field of study

interferometer

Morley & Michelson were using an

radius of an electron around a proton

Bohr developed _____ using circular motion, the electrical force (and the mass/charge of an electron) and the De Broglie hypothesis

What is the different between grade 11 & 12 dynamic

components & directions

Maximum

tension in a vertical circle at the bottom

Minimum

tension in a vertical circle at the top

Coulombs Law

the force of attraction or repulsion acting along a straight line between two electric charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely to the square of the distance between them

Charge of an electron

1.6 x 10-19

condition of diffraction

the width of the obstacle must be less than or comparable with the wavelength of the wave

Light

initially a particle, then a wave, and finally both

Transverse electromagnetic wave

light is a

Longitudinal mechanical wave

sound is a

Red

Longest wavelength diffract the most, which colour diffracts the most

Rectilinear propagation

ability of light to move in a straight line

Reflection

rays bouncing off of shiny objects

Refraction

rays changing direction when entering a new medium

Dispersion

rays of light breaking apart

Diffraction

rays of light bending around corners

Photoelectric effect

electrons bounce off of metal when they absorbs electromagnetic radiation

Compton effect

out comes an increased electromagnetic wavelength after hitting an electron

De Broglie Wave

the matter wave holding wave-particle duality

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

It is impossible to specify simultaneously the exact position and momentum of a quantum object

Electromagnetism

the physical interaction among electric charges, magnetic moments, and the electromagnetic field

Gravity

a fundamental interaction which causes mutual attraction between all things with mass or energy

Strong nuclear force

holds together quarks, the fundamental particles that make up the protons and neutrons of the atomic nucleus, and further holds together protons and neutrons to form atomic nuclei

Weak nuclear force

a fundamental force of nature that underlies some forms of radioactivity, governs the decay of unstable subatomic particles such as mesons, and initiates the nuclear fusionreaction that fuels the Sun

Weight

the mass and the gravitational field acting upon it

Circular motion

the direction of motion is tangential and always changing, but the speed is constant

Hookes law

the area under a line created by the spring constant on a graph of force and displacement is the energy in the spring at the force & displacement

directly

The change in motion (acceleration) is ___________ proportional to the force acting on the object:

inversely

The change in motion (acceleration) is ________ proportional to the mass of the object:

change

Forces cause _____ in motion.

uniform circular motion

An object is undergoing _________________ if it follows a circular path and maintains a constant speed.

dynamics, kinematics

To connect force with speed, you first do a __________ analysis then a ____________ analysis.