Velocities are relative to your: reference point

Galileo is credited with establishing this in what is known as the: “principle of relativity”.

The component method forces each vector to create a: right angle triangle

UNIFORM MOTION: When an object maintains a constant velocity

UNIFORM ACCELERATION: When an object’s velocity changes at a constant rate

PROJECTILE MOTION: How objects fly through the air

CIRCULAR MOTION: When an object turns, but maintains a constant radius/speed around a circle.

HARMONIC MOTION: A form of periodic (repeating) motion

Kinematics: how objects move

Dynamics: why objects move

Law of Inertia: “An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will remain in motion, unless an external force acts on it to change its state”.

Law of Acceleration: Force causes CHANGES in motion.

The change in motion (acceleration) is directly proportional to the force acting on the object

The change in motion (acceleration) is inversely proportional to the mass of the object

Action & Reaction: Force pairs are equal in magnitude, but act in the opposite direction.

Forces cause change in motion.

An object is undergoing uniform circular motion if it follows a circular path and maintains a constant speed.

Centripetal force: is a force that acts on an object to keep the path it takes circular.

To connect force with speed, you first do a dynamics analysis then a kinematics analysis.

Field: is any physical quantity which takes on different values at different locations(which may vary over time).

GAUSS’ FLUX THEOREM: a charged particle will create an electric field

FARADAY’S LAW: if you change a magnetic field, you create an electric field

GAUSS’ LAW OF MAGNETISM: magnetic fields form closed loops(no origin)

AMPERE’S LAW: f you have a current in a wire, it creates a magnetic field. if you change an electric field, you create a magnetic field.

Work: the amount of energy required to move an object a certain displacement parallel to the net force causing that movement.

SHM: an object goes through when its acceleration is proportional to its displacement from an equilibrium position.

Momentum: quantity of motion

Impulse: change in momentum, relevant to mass and velocity.

Electromagnetism: Maxwell combined the topics of electricity, magnetism and optics (light) into this single field of study.

Morley & Michelson using an: interferometer.

The procedure depended on a Michelson interferometer, a sensitive optical device that compares the optical path lengths for light moving in two mutually perpendicular directions. Michelson reasoned that, if the speed of light were constant with respect to the proposed ether through which Earth was moving, that motion could be detected by comparing the speed of light in the direction of Earth’s motion and the speed of light at right angles to Earth’s motion. No difference was found. This null result seriously discredited the ether theories and ultimately led to the proposal by Albert Einstein in 1905 that the speed of light is a universal constant.

Bohr first developed the radius of an electron around a proton in a hydrogen atom using: circular motion, the electrical force (and the mass/charge of an electron) and the De Broglie hypothesis.

Bohr then used this radius to calculate the energy released when it would transition from one energy level to the next. The energy needed to make the electron jump from one orbital to the next matched the energy of the light seen through the diffraction grating.

What is the different between grade 11 & 12 dynamic: components & directions

Maximum: tension in a vertical circle at the bottom.

Minimum: tension in a vertical circle at the top.

Coulomb’s Law: the force of attraction or repulsion acting along a straight line between two electric charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely to the square of the distance between them.

Charge of an electron: 1.6 x 10-19

The condition of diffraction: the width of the obstacle must be less than or comparable with the wavelength of the wave.

Light: initially a particle, then a wave, and finally both.

Transverse electromagnetic wave: light is a?

Longitudinal mechanical wave: sound is a?

Red: Longest wavelength diffract the most, which colour diffracts the most?

Rectilinear propagation: ability of light to move in a straight line.

Reflection: rays bouncing off of shiny objects.

Refraction: rays changing direction when entering a new medium.

Dispersion: rays of light breaking apart.

Diffraction: rays of light bending around corners.

Photoelectric effect: electrons bounce off of metal when they absorbs electromagnetic radiation.

Compton effect: out comes an increased electromagnetic wavelength after hitting an electron.

De Broglie Wave: the matter wave holding wave-particle duality.

Heisenberg uncertainty principle: It is impossible to specify simultaneously the exact position and momentum of a quantum object.

Electromagnetism: the physical interaction among electric charges, magnetic moments, and the electromagnetic field.

Gravity: a fundamental interaction which causes mutual attraction between all things with mass or energy.

Strong nuclear force: holds together quarks, the fundamental particles that make up the protons and neutrons of the atomic nucleus, and further holds together protons and neutrons to form atomic nuclei. As such it is responsible for the underlying stability of matter.

Weak nuclear force: a fundamental force of nature that underlies some forms of radioactivity, governs the decay of unstable subatomic particles such as mesons, and initiates the nuclear fusionreaction that fuels the Sun.

Weight: the mass and the gravitational field acting upon it.

Circular motion: the direction of motion is tangential and always changing, but the speed is constant.

Hooke’s law: the area under a line created by the spring constant on a graph of force and displacement is the energy in the spring at the force & displacement.