G11 1FS FT ELS: Parts of the Cells

Nucleus

- center of the cell

- controls all activities

- contains DNA

Nucleolus

- inside the nucleus

- smaller than the nucleus

- contains RNA

- makes ribosomes

Nuclear envelope

- covers nucleus

- has pores

- seperates nucleus from the rest of the parts

- double membrane

DNA

A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.

Cytoskeleton

- network of fibers

- builds shape of the cell

- anchors organelles to fixed locations

- Intermediate filament

- Microtubules

- Actin filament

3 Parts of the Cytoskeleton

Intermediate filament

- keeps organelles in place

- collective tissues

Microtubules

- acts as a support/pillar

- gives shape

- small thin tubes

Actin filament

- for flexibility

Cytoplasm

- contains proteins, amino acids, & glucose

- where intracellular chemical reactions take place

- where organelles are suspended

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

- a series of channels that provide space for crucial chemical reactions

- helps move chemicals to their proper destination

- Rough endoplasmic reticulum ER

- Soft endoplasmic reticulum ER

2 Types of Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

- protein synthesis

- covered w. ribosomes

Soft endoplasmic reticulum

- lipid synthesis

- covered w/o ribosomes

Ribosomes

- smallest organelles

- synthesis of proteins (produces proteins)

- free ribosomes

- attached ribosomes

2 Types of Ribosomes

Mitochondria

- oval shaped

- provides energy (in the form of ATP)

- w/o this the cell will die

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

- supplies (gives) energy to fuel the activities of the cell

Vacuoles

- bag-like

- contains starch

- acts as a storage system for waters and others

- stores waste materials then discards it afterwards

Lysosomes

- has digestive juices

- considered the "suicide bag"

- inspects dead organelles

- guards the cell in case of the arrival of bacteria or viruses

- self destructs to give room for new organelles

Vesicles

- transfers proteins or other molecules within or to the cell membrane

Centrioles

- signals rediness for the cells to reproduce

- helps organize cell division

Cell wall

- solid structure framing the cell membrane

- mainly composed of cellulose

- mainly composed of chitin (for fungi)

Cell membrane

- controls what enters and leaves the cell

Chloroplasts

- responsible for photosynthesis

- contains chlorophyll (for plant cellls)

Cilia

- tiny hairs that help move things around the cell, or the cell itself

Fangella

- long tail that moves the cell

- found on sperm cells

- whip-like extensions

Golgi bodies

- a group of organelles that prepare certain protein compounds for dispersal from the cell