Conditioning and Learning

Bell (CS) —> Food (US) —> Salvation (R)

Pavlovian Conditioning

Bell (CS) —> Food (US) —> Salvation (UR), eventually…

Bell (CS) —> Salvation (CR)

Approach the CS

Sign tracking

Approach the US

Goal Tracking

A conditioned response could be things like salvation or increase in body temperature but it could also be _____

Fear

Withdraw from CS

Negative sign-tracking

Reduction in paint sensitivity

Analgesia

In Pavlovian Conditioning the respondent behavior is controlled by ____________, but in operant conditioning the operants behavior is controlled by _____________.

what happened before, its consequences

Rat pushes lever (R) —> Food pellet comes out (O)

Operant Conditioning

Rat pushes lever (R) —> Food pellet comes out (O)

What is the reinforcer?

Food pellet comes out

Rat pushes lever (R) —> Food pellet comes out (O)

What is the operant behavior/response?

Rat pushes lever

Pavlovian Conditioning involves learning about ______

Stimuli

The pavlovian signal (CS) comes to evoke ______ responses or behaviors

many

What is the purpose of the CS eliciting a response?

To get us ready for the upcoming US

Operant conditioning involves learning about ______

responses

Operant responses depend on their _________

outcomes

Clean Room —> Get weekly allowance is an example of which operant conditioning paradigm?

Positive Reinforcement

Tease little sister —> Receive parental Scolding is an example of which operant conditioning paradigm?

Positive Punishment

Take Aspirin —> Headache goes away is an example of which operant conditioning paradigm?

Negative Reinforcement

Fight with other children —> Time-out from play is an example of which operant conditioning paradigm?

Negative Punishment

A light turning on that elicits a response in operant conditioning is known as?

Discriminative Stimulus

Learning to respond to similar stimuli

Generalization

Pigeon Experiment

• Pigeons learn that when a yellow light is on, a food pellet will appear

• Different colors appear

• Pigeons can see color

What are the results?

Pigeons can generalize stimuli that is close to the one they are used to and discriminate stimuli that are not close to the one they are used to

Categorization in Pigeons Experiment

• Pigeons, food hopper, tv screen, and red light sensor

• Pigeons were trained to recognize pictures in a certain category and then pack at the red light sensor if the picture that popped up was in the correct category

• Categories: pictures of Margaret, trees, and water

What is the discriminative stimulus in this example?

Target pictures

Categorization in Pigeons Experiment

• Pigeons, food hopper, tv screen, and red light sensor

• Pigeons were trained to recognize pictures in a certain category and then pack at the red light sensor if the picture that popped up was in the correct category

• Categories: pictures of Margaret, trees, and water

What were the results?

Pigeons were able to categorize even if the categories were in different contexts

Categorization 2 Experiment in Pigeons

• Viewing screen, food hopper, 4 light sensors

• Key 1 =people, Key 2= flowers, Key 3= cars, Key 4 = Chairs

What were pigeons rewarded for?

Pecking the correct key with the picture that pops up on the screen

Categorization 2 Experiment in Pigeons

• Viewing screen, food hopper, 4 light sensors

• Key 1 =people, Key 2= flowers, Key 3= cars, Key 4 = Chairs

• Rewarded for pecking the correct key with the picture that pops up on the screen

What were the results of this initial test?

Successful

Categorization 2 Experiment in Pigeons

• Viewing screen, food hopper, 4 light sensors

• Key 1 =people, Key 2= flowers, Key 3= cars, Key 4 = Chairs

• Rewarded for pecking the correct key with the picture that pops up on the screen

• Successful with this first task

What was the test phase?

Pigeons were presented with old and new pictures of the original categories

Categorization 2 Experiment in Pigeons

• Viewing screen, food hopper, 4 light sensors

• Key 1 =people, Key 2= flowers, Key 3= cars, Key 4 = Chairs

• Rewarded for pecking the correct key with the picture that pops up on the screen

• Successful with this first task

• Test Phase: Pigeons were presented with old and new pictures of the original categories

What were the results?

Pigeons were successful on new slides