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What is Organisational Culture?
Organisational Culture is the shared beliefs, values, and practices that shape employee behavior and interactions, influencing engagement, decision-making, and effectiveness.
What defines Culture in a social context?
Culture in a social context is the learned beliefs, values, norms, symbols, and traditions shared by a group, shaping their way of life and influencing socialization and identity.
What are the Levels of Culture according to Edgar Schein?
Artefacts (observable organisational processes)
Espoused Values (stated values and norms)
Underlying Assumptions (unconscious beliefs that shape perception and behaviour)
What are Artefacts in an organizational context?
Artefacts are visible organizational structures, processes, and symbols, such as office layout and dress code, that can be directly observed.
What do we mean by Espoused Values in an organization?
Explicitly stated values and norms that are preferred and promoted by the organization.
These can often be found in mission statements, policies, and during organizational training.
What are Underlying Assumptions in organizational culture?
Deeply embedded, taken-for-granted behaviors that are unconscious yet govern how members of an organization interpret their experiences
What characterizes a Power Culture?
A Power Culture is defined by a single leader with significant influence over decisions, featuring informal structures and centralized power, often seen in smaller businesses.
What is Role Culture?
Role Culture is an organizational culture where roles and responsibilities are clearly defined and enforced, typically found in stable environments with a hierarchical structure.
What defines Task Culture?
Task Culture is characterized by teamwork on specific projects, prioritizing flexibility, collaboration, and adaptability to market demands.
What is Person Culture?
Person Culture prioritizes individuals over the organization, with power stemming from personal expertise and skills, emphasizing initiative.
What are Shared Values?
Shared Values are the core principles and standards that guide members of an organization in deciding what is important and dictate how they should behave within the organizational context.
What are Normative Behaviours?
Normative Behaviours are expected and accepted actions within a group or organization, forming the foundation of cultural norms and member conduct.
What is Organizational Culture Research?
Organizational Culture Research studies how cultural dimensions influence effectiveness, behaviors, and interactions in organizations, aiming to link culture and performance.
What does Cultural Socialization involve?
Cultural Socialization is the process of learning and internalizing the organization’s values, beliefs, and behaviors, which shapes individual identities and contributions in the workplace.
What are the Outcomes of Organizational Culture?
Outcomes of organizational culture include overall success, effectiveness, employee morale, and productivity. A strong, positive culture enhances performance.
Evaluation of Organizational Culture
Organizational Culture (OC) is complex and often difficult to grasp. It can be studied through comparative surveys (organizations have cultures perspective) or qualitative case studies that explore underlying assumptions via in-depth interviews (organizations are cultures perspective).
Individual differences are often overlooked.
What is Harrison/ Handy (1995) typology?
An organisational typology that categorizes cultures into four types: power, role, task, and person cultures
What 2 factors are organisations classed on?
centralisation - the extent to which decision-making authority is concentrated at higher levels of management
formalisation - the degree to which rules and procedures are established and followed.
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