Sangita
It is music
One of the performing & fine arts
Gives melody and pleasant feelings to ears
Called as Sangeetham
Vocal, instrumental, and dance was once Sangeetham but now dance is separated from the two
Sruti
The smallest interval of pitch that the human voice or a musical instrument can produce
Key note or adhara shadja
Svara
That which is able to please of its own accord is svara.
Saptasvaras
The 7 sapasvaras are the seven basic building blocks of Carnatic music, and the other 6 svaras derive their positions in relation to Shadja.
Sa (full name)
Shadja
Ri (full name)
Rishabha
Ga (full name)
Gandhara
Ma (full name)
Madhyama
Pa (full name)
Panchama
Dha (full name)
Dhaivata
Ni (full name)
Nishada
Swarasthanas
5 svaras (Ri, Ga, Ma, Dha, Ni) have to varieties. Komal (1) lower note Tivra (2) higher note. Tivra swara produced on higher svarasthana and komal on the lower svarasthana. Sa and Pa are achala svaras bc they don’t have varieties
Komal ri
Suddha Rishabha
Tivra Rishabha
Chatusruti Rishabha
Komal Gandhara
Sadharana Gandhara
Tivra Ga
Antara Gandhara
Komal Ma
Suddha Madhyama
Tivra Ma
Prati Madhyama
Komal Dha
Suddha Dhaivata
Tivra Dhaivata
Chatusruti Dhaivata
Komal Ni
Kaisiki Nishada
Tivra Nishada
Kakali Nishada
Sa & Pa are ______ svaras because they don’t have varieties.
Achala
Arohana
The order or krama in which the notes ascend in a raga.
Avarohana
The order in which the notes descend in a raga.
Sthayi
It is the range of the voice or instrument (aka octave). There are 5 sthayis in carnatic music; Anumandra, Mandra, Madhya (normal), Tara, Ati Tara.
Dhatu
The Svara part of the composition is Dhatu.
Matu
The sahitya is the Matu.
Avarta
A complete tala. The completion of one round of angas is avarta.
Trikala
Kala is the speed of the musical piece, there are 3 kalas; Prathama Kala, Dwithiya Kala, & Trityia Kala
Prathama Kala
1st degree of speed. For every anga in a tala 1 akshara kala is sung.
Dwithiya kala
2nd degree of speed, twice faster than Prathama Kala. For every anga in a tala 2 akshara kalas are sung.
Tritiya Kala
3rd degree of speed, twice faster than Dwithiya Kala. For every anga in a tala 4 akshara kalas are sung.
Tala
The rhythmic framework comprising framework comprising structured beats and rests that govern the timing and rhythm of a musical composition.
Shadangas
The 6 distinct modes used to mueasure musical time. Each of the Shadangas are associated with specific akshara kalas, which serve as the units of measurement for the respective modes. Angas are Laghu, Drutham, Anddrutam, Guru, Plutam, Kakapadam.
Laghu (sign + # of aksharas)
(Sign Ɪ), (# of Aksharas 3/4/5/7/9)
Drutham (sign + # of aksharas)
(Sign O), (# of Aksharas 2)
Anudrutam (sign + # of aksharas)
(Sign U), (# of Aksharas 1)
Guru (sign + # of aksharas)
(Sign 8), (# of Aksharas 8)
Plutam (sign + # of aksharas)
(Sign Ɪ8), (# of Aksharas 12)
Kakapadam
(Sign +), (# of Aksharas 16)
Principle Thalangas
The 3 Talangas that are widely in use, Anudrutam, Drutam, & Laghu
Sapta Talas
The seven principle Talas aka the Suladi Sapta Talas (put table with tala name, sign, and akshara kala)
Dhruva Tala (sign + akshara kala)
sign (ꞮOꞮꞮ) akshara kala (14)
Matya Tala (sign + akshara kala)
sign (ꞮOꞮ) akshara kala (10)
Rupaka Tala (sign + akshara kala)
sign (OꞮ) akshara kala (6)
Jhampa Tala (sign + akshara kala)
sign (Ɪ7UO) akshara kala (10)
Triputa Tala (sign + akshara kala)
sign (Ɪ3OO) akshara kala (7)
Ata Tala (sign + akshara kala)
sign (Ɪ5Ɪ5OO) akshara kala (14)
Eka Tala (sign + akshara kala)
sign (Ɪ) akshara kala (4)
Jati
Only laghu has variations in number of kriyas. There are 5 Jati bedhs for Laghu in a Tala.
Tisra Jati - 3 kriyas
Chaturasra Jati - 4 kriyas
Kanda Jati - 5 kriyas
Misra Jati - 7 Kriyas
Sankeerna Jati - 9 kriyas
Tauryatrikam
Vocal music, instrumental music, and dance combined
Nada
Two types:
Ahata Nada (music made by effort of man)
Anahata Nada (music of nature).
Ahata Nada types
Sariraja, Nakhaja, Dhanurja, Vayuja, Charmaja, and Lohaja
Nada variations
Atisukshma, Sukshma, Apushta, Pushta, Kritrima
Murchana
Arohana and Avarohana together
Raga
Combination of Svara patterns in melody which has a definite foundation
Abhyasagana
Practice music meant for the initial training of a student (Sarali Varasulu, Janta Svaralu, Datu varusalu, upper sthayi varusalu, alankaras)
Sabhagana
Music that is performed in front of an audience
vaggeyakara
One who composes the dhatu and matu of a composition.