cardiovascular systems

Question 1: What is the primary function of an ACE inhibitor?
A. Relax blood vessels and treat hypertension✓
B. Increase blood pressure
C. Constrict blood vessels
D. Treat only heart failure

Relax blood vessels and treat hypertension.

Question 2: An aneurysm is defined as:
A. Narrowing of blood vessels
B. Local widening of an artery✓
C. Blockage of arteries
D. Hardening of vessel wall

Local widening of an artery.

Question 3: Which condition is characterized by chest pain due to insufficient blood flow to the heart muscle?
A. Anoxia
B. Arrhythmia
C. Angina✓
D. Aneurysm

Angina.

Question 4: What is angiography?
A. Surgical repair of blood vessels
B. Examination of blood vessels using contrast medium✓
C. Treatment of heart disease
D. Removal of plaque from arteries

Examination of blood vessels using contrast medium.

Question 5: The aorta is:
A. The smallest artery in the body
B. A vein carrying blood to the heart
C. The largest artery in the body✓
D. A chamber of the heart

The largest artery in the body.

Question 6: What is arrhythmia?
A. Normal heart rhythm
B. Irregular or abnormal heart rhythm✓
C. Fast heart rate only
D. Slow heart rate only

Irregular or abnormal heart rhythm.

Question 7: Arteriosclerosis refers to:
A. Softening of arteries
B. Inflammation of arteries
C. Hardening of arteries with plaque deposits✓
D. Stretching of arteries

Hardening of arteries with plaque deposits.

Question 8: An arteriole is defined as:
A. A large artery
B. A small artery✓
C. A type of vein
D. A heart chamber

A small artery.

Question 9: What distinguishes an artery from other blood vessels?
A. It carries blood toward the heart
B. It carries blood away from the heart✓
C. It only carries oxygenated blood
D. It connects to veins directly

It carries blood away from the heart.

Question 10: Atrial fibrillation is characterized by:
A. Normal rhythmic contractions
B. Slow, regular heart beats
C. Rapid, irregular twitching of heart wall✓
D. Complete heart block

Rapid, irregular twitching of heart wall.

Question 11: The AV node:
A. Generates initial heart rhythm
B. Receives and amplifies impulses from SA node✓
C. Is located in the ventricles
D. Slows heart rate

Receives and amplifies impulses from SA node.

Question 12: What is auscultation?
A. Visual examination of the heart
B. Hearing sounds through a stethoscope✓
C. Measuring blood pressure
D. Recording heart electrical activity

Hearing sounds through a stethoscope.

Question 13: Beta blockers are used to:
A. Increase heart rate
B. Raise blood pressure
C. Slow heart rate and lower blood pressure✓
D. Cause irregular heartbeat

Slow heart rate and lower blood pressure.

Question 14: Bradycardia refers to:
A. Rapid heart rate
B. Normal heart rate
C. Abnormally slow heart rate✓
D. Irregular heart rhythm

Abnormally slow heart rate.

Question 15: What is an atherectomy?
A. Removal of plaque from arteries✓
B. Insertion of a stent
C. Bypass surgery
D. Heart valve replacement

Removal of plaque from arteries.

Question 16: The atrium is:
A. Lower chamber of the heart
B. Upper chamber of the heart✓
C. Heart valve
D. Major blood vessel

Upper chamber of the heart.

Question 17: What is anoxia?
A. Excess oxygen
B. Normal oxygen levels
C. Deprivation of oxygen✓
D. Carbon dioxide buildup

Deprivation of oxygen.

Question 18: Aortic stenosis is defined as:
A. Widening of the aorta
B. Narrowing of the aorta✓
C. Blockage of the aorta
D. Inflammation of the aorta

Narrowing of the aorta.

Question 19: What is an arterial anastomosis?
A. Separation of arteries
B. Surgical joining of two arteries✓
C. Blocking of arteries
D. Formation of new arteries

Surgical joining of two arteries.

Question 20: The apex of the heart refers to:
A. Upper portion of the heart
B. Middle section of the heart
C. Lower tip of the heart✓
D. Side wall of the heart

Lower tip of the heart.

Question 21: What is atherosclerosis?
A. Softening of arteries
B. Stretching of arteries
C. Hardening of arteries✓
D. Inflammation of arteries

Hardening of arteries.

Question 22: An atheroma is:
A. Type of heart valve
B. Fatty tissue tumor inside vessel✓
C. Blood clot
D. Heart muscle damage

Fatty tissue tumor inside vessel.

Question 23: The brachial artery is located in the:
A. Leg
B. Neck
C. Arm✓
D. Chest

Arm.

Question 24: What is acute coronary syndrome?
A. Chronic heart condition
B. Sudden insufficient blood supply to heart✓
C. Normal heart rhythm
D. Slow heart rate

Sudden insufficient blood supply to heart.

Question 25: A biventricular pacemaker:
A. Slows heart rate
B. Enables ventricles to beat in synchrony✓
C. Only affects one ventricle
D. Increases blood pressure

Enables ventricles to beat in synchrony.

Question 26: The atrioventricular bundle:
A. Stores blood
B. Filters blood
C. Conducts electrical impulses✓
D. Produces hormones

Conducts electrical impulses.

Question 27: What is arteriography?
A. Surgery of arteries
B. Recording arteries via x-ray with contrast✓
C. Measuring blood pressure
D. Heart sound recording

Recording arteries via x-ray with contrast.

Question 28: Atrioventricular block occurs when:
A. Blood flow is blocked
B. Impulse conduction fails through AV node✓
C. Arteries are blocked
D. Heart valves are blocked

Impulse conduction fails through AV node.

Question 29: An angiogram is:
A. Type of heart surgery
B. X-ray photograph of blood vessels✓
C. Blood pressure measurement
D. Heart rate monitor

X-ray photograph of blood vessels.

Question 30: The BNP test measures:
A. Blood pressure
B. Heart rate
C. Brain natriuretic peptide in blood✓
D. Oxygen levels

Brain natriuretic peptide in blood.

Question 31: What characterizes atrial activity?
A. Pertains to lower heart chambers
B. Pertains to upper heart chambers✓
C. Relates to heart valves
D. Involves blood vessels only

Pertains to upper heart chambers.

Question 32: Angioplasty is defined as:
A. Removal of arteries
B. Surgical repair of blood vessel✓
C. Blood vessel imaging
D. Heart valve replacement

Surgical repair of blood vessel.

Question 33: What is the primary function of arteries?
A. Carry blood to the heart
B. Store blood
C. Carry blood away from heart✓
D. Filter blood

Carry blood away from heart.

Question 34: The atrioventricular node is located:
A. In the ventricles
B. Between the atria✓
C. In the arteries
D. Outside the heart

Between the atria.

Question 35: What does a beta blocker protect against in patients with prior heart attacks?
A. Future infections
B. Future heart attacks✓
C. Blood clots only
D. High cholesterol

Future heart attacks.

Question 36: What is a bruit?
A. Soft, blowing sound heard on auscultation✓
B. Loud clicking sound
C. Sharp chest pain
D. Heart valve defect

Soft, blowing sound heard on auscultation.

Question 37: The Bundle of His:
A. Connects veins to arteries
B. Connects atria with ventricles for electrical impulses✓
C. Filters blood
D. Produces hormones

Connects atria with ventricles for electrical impulses.

Question 38: Calcium channel blockers are used to treat:
A. Low blood pressure only
B. Chest pain and high blood pressure✓
C. Heart rhythm only
D. Blood clots

Chest pain and high blood pressure.

Question 39: What is the primary function of capillaries?
A. Store blood
B. Transport waste only
C. Bring nutrients and oxygen to tissues✓
D. Generate electrical impulses

Bring nutrients and oxygen to tissues.

Question 40: Cardiac arrest is defined as:
A. Gradual slowing of heart rate
B. Sudden, unexpected stopping of heart action✓
C. Irregular heartbeat
D. Chest pain

Sudden, unexpected stopping of heart action.

Question 41: What are cardiac biomarkers?
A. Heart rate measurements
B. Blood pressure readings
C. Chemicals measured as evidence of heart attack✓
D. Electrical impulses in heart

Chemicals measured as evidence of heart attack.

Question 42: Cardiac catheterization involves:
A. External heart monitoring
B. Guiding flexible tube into heart✓
C. Ultrasound imaging
D. Blood pressure measurement

Guiding flexible tube into heart.

Question 43: What is cardiac tamponade?
A. Heart valve disorder
B. Compression of heart by fluid in pericardial cavity✓
C. Blood vessel blockage
D. Heart muscle disease

Compression of heart by fluid in pericardial cavity.

Question 44: Cardiogenic shock results from:
A. Inadequate heart functioning✓
B. Blood loss
C. Allergic reaction
D. Nerve damage

Inadequate heart functioning.

Question 45: What is cardiomegaly?
A. Shrinking of heart
B. Enlargement of heart✓
C. Heart rhythm disorder
D. Heart valve disease

Enlargement of heart.

Question 46: Cardioversion is a procedure that:
A. Slows heart rate
B. Restores normal rhythm through electrical shock✓
C. Removes blood clots
D. Opens blocked arteries

Restores normal rhythm through electrical shock.

Question 47: Catheter ablation treats arrhythmias by:
A. Medication delivery
B. Destroying specific heart tissue✓
C. Cooling heart tissue
D. Expanding blood vessels

Destroying specific heart tissue.

Question 48: Claudication is characterized by:
A. Chest pain
B. Limping due to poor blood supply✓
C. Heart palpitations
D. Shortness of breath

Limping due to poor blood supply.

Question 49: Coarctation of the aorta affects:
A. Upper body blood flow
B. Lower body blood flow✓
C. Heart chambers
D. Lung circulation

Lower body blood flow.

Question 50: What is computed tomography angiography?
A. 2D heart images
B. 3D x-ray images of heart and coronary arteries✓
C. Blood flow measurement
D. Heart rhythm recording

3D x-ray images of heart and coronary arteries.

Question 51: Congenital heart disease occurs:
A. In elderly patients
B. At birth✓
C. After infection
D. Due to injury

At birth.

Question 52: Congestive heart failure is characterized by:
A. Rapid heart rate
B. Inability to pump sufficient blood✓
C. High blood pressure only
D. Blood vessel blockage

Inability to pump sufficient blood.

Question 53: Coronary arteries:
A. Remove blood from heart
B. Supply blood to heart muscle✓
C. Connect to lungs
D. Filter blood

Supply blood to heart muscle.

Question 54: What is the purpose of coronary artery bypass graft?
A. Repair heart valves
B. Create new blood supply around blockages✓
C. Remove blood clots
D. Regulate heart rhythm

Create new blood supply around blockages.

Question 55: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) affects:
A. Heart valves
B. Arteries surrounding heart✓
C. Heart chambers
D. Blood composition

Arteries surrounding heart.

Question 56: Cyanosis is characterized by:
A. Reddish skin color
B. Bluish skin color due to poor oxygenation✓
C. Pale skin color
D. Yellow skin color

Bluish skin color due to poor oxygenation.

Question 57: Deep vein thrombosis most commonly occurs in:
A. Arms
B. Iliac and femoral veins✓
C. Neck
D. Chest

Iliac and femoral veins

Question 58: Carbon dioxide in the body is:
A. Absorbed from air
B. Produced when oxygen and food combine✓
C. Manufactured by liver
D. Created in lungs

Produced when oxygen and food combine.

Question 59: Cardiac MRI uses what to produce heart images?
A. X-rays
B. Magnetic waves✓
C. Sound waves
D. Electrical signals

Magnetic waves.

Question 60: What type of vessels are coronary arteries?
A. Vessels that drain blood from heart
B. Vessels that branch from aorta with oxygen-rich blood✓
C. Vessels that connect chambers
D. Vessels that remove waste

Vessels that branch from aorta with oxygen-rich blood.

Question 61: Cardiomyopathy is a:
A. Blood vessel disorder
B. Heart muscle disease✓
C. Valve problem
D. Rhythm disturbance

Heart muscle disease.

Question 62: The primary function of cardiac biomarkers is to:
A. Measure blood pressure
B. Detect heart attack evidence✓
C. Monitor heart rhythm
D. Check oxygen levels

Detect heart attack evidence.

Question 63: CHF symptoms result from:
A. Too much blood flow
B. Heart's inability to pump required blood✓
C. Fast heart rate
D. Low blood pressure only

Heart's inability to pump required blood.

Question 64: Deep vein thrombosis is characterized by:
A. Arterial blockage
B. Blood clot formation in deep vein✓
C. Surface vein inflammation
D. Capillary damage

Blood clot formation in deep vein.

Question 65: The Bundle of His is located in the:
A. Atria
B. Interventricular septum✓
C. Blood vessels
D. Heart valves

Interventricular septum.

Question 66: What is defibrillation?
A. Heart rate monitoring
B. Electrical discharges to stop dysrhythmias✓
C. Blood pressure measurement
D. Medication administration

Electrical discharges to stop dysrhythmias.

Question 67: Deoxygenated blood is characterized as:
A. Oxygen-rich blood
B. Oxygen-poor blood✓
C. Mixed blood
D. Processed blood

Oxygen-poor blood.

Question 68: Diastole refers to:
A. Contraction phase
B. Relaxation phase of heartbeat✓
C. Blood flow phase
D. Valve closure phase

Relaxation phase of heartbeat.

Question 69: Digital subtraction angiography:
A. Adds structural images
B. Removes structures not being studied✓
C. Measures heart rate
D. Records electrical activity

Removes structures not being studied.

Question 70: Digoxin is used to treat:
A. Low blood pressure
B. Congestive heart failure and arrhythmia✓
C. Blood clots
D. Inflammation

Congestive heart failure and arrhythmia.

Question 71: What does Doppler ultrasound detect?
A. Heart electrical activity
B. Blood flow within vessels✓
C. Bone density
D. Muscle tension

Blood flow within vessels.

Question 72: A dysrhythmia is:
A. Normal heart rhythm
B. Abnormal heart rhythm✓
C. Regular heartbeat
D. Slow heart rate

Abnormal heart rhythm.

Question 73: Echocardiography uses:
A. X-rays
B. Sound waves✓
C. Magnetic fields
D. Electrical signals

Sound waves.

Question 74: An electrocardiogram records:
A. Blood pressure
B. Electrical activity of heart✓
C. Blood flow
D. Heart sounds

Electrical activity of heart.

Question 75: Electron beam computed tomography identifies:
A. Blood flow patterns
B. Calcium deposits in coronary arteries✓
C. Heart valve function
D. Chamber size

Calcium deposits in coronary arteries.

Question 76: An embolus is:
A. Blood vessel wall
B. Traveling blood clot✓
C. Heart valve
D. Heart chamber

Traveling blood clot.

Question 77: Endartectomy involves:
A. Adding arterial tissue
B. Removing plaque from inner artery✓
C. Bypassing arteries
D. Expanding arteries

Removing plaque from inner artery.

Question 78: Endocarditis is:
A. Heart muscle disease
B. Inner heart lining inflammation✓
C. Valve calcification
D. Blood vessel disorder

Inner heart lining inflammation.

Question 79: The endocardium is:
A. Outer heart layer
B. Inner heart lining✓
C. Middle heart layer
D. Heart valve tissue

Inner heart lining.

Question 80: What is the endothelium?
A. Heart muscle
B. Innermost blood vessel lining✓
C. Heart valve
D. Outer heart layer

Innermost blood vessel lining.

Question 81: Extracorporeal circulation involves:
A. Normal blood flow
B. Blood circulation outside body✓
C. Internal blood flow
D. Lymphatic circulation

Blood circulation outside body.

Question 82: Fibrillation is characterized by:
A. Regular heart rhythm
B. Chaotic, irregular contractions✓
C. Normal heart rate
D. Slow heart beat

Chaotic, irregular contractions.

Question 83: Flutter is defined as:
A. Irregular contractions
B. Rapid, regular contractions✓
C. Slow contractions
D. Normal rhythm

Rapid, regular contractions.

Question 84: Heart block occurs when:
A. Arteries are blocked
B. Impulse conduction fails✓
C. Blood flow stops
D. Valves close

Impulse conduction fails.

Question 85: Heart transplantation involves:
A. Partial heart repair
B. Replacement with donor heart✓
C. Valve replacement only
D. Pacemaker insertion

Replacement with donor heart.

Question 86: Hemorrhoids are:
A. Heart valves
B. Varicose veins near anus✓
C. Blood clots
D. Arterial blockages

Varicose veins near anus.

Question 88: Hypercholesterolemia means:
A. Low cholesterol
B. Excessive blood cholesterol✓
C. Normal cholesterol
D. Absent cholesterol

Excessive blood cholesterol.

Question 89: Hypertension is defined as:
A. Low blood pressure
B. High blood pressure✓
C. Normal blood pressure
D. Fluctuating blood pressure

High blood pressure.

Question 90: Hypoxia refers to:
A. Excess oxygen
B. Deficient oxygen in cells✓
C. Normal oxygen levels
D. Absent oxygen

Deficient oxygen in cells.

Question 91: An implantable cardioverter defibrillator:
A. Monitors blood pressure
B. Senses and terminates arrhythmias✓
C. Regulates blood flow
D. Measures heart rate only

Senses and terminates arrhythmias.

Question 92: Infarction is:
A. Tissue healing
B. Tissue death due to ischemia✓
C. Tissue inflammation
D. Tissue growth

Tissue death due to ischemia.

Question 93: The interventricular septum is located:
A. Between atria
B. Between ventricles✓
C. In blood vessels
D. In heart valves

Between ventricles.

Question 94: Electrocardiography is the process of:
A. Measuring blood pressure
B. Recording heart's electrical activity✓
C. Monitoring blood flow
D. Checking oxygen levels

Recording heart's electrical activity.

Question 95: Hypertensive heart disease is caused by:
A. Low blood pressure
B. High blood pressure affecting heart✓
C. Normal blood pressure
D. Irregular heart rhythm

High blood pressure affecting heart.

Question 96: Digital subtraction angiography is used for:
A. Heart rhythm analysis
B. Blood vessel imaging✓
C. Blood pressure measurement
D. Heart valve assessment

Blood vessel imaging

Question 97: The primary purpose of Holter monitoring is to:
A. Measure blood pressure
B. Detect cardiac arrhythmias✓
C. Monitor blood flow
D. Check oxygen levels

Detect cardiac arrhythmias.

Question 98: The interventricular septum functions to:
A. Pump blood
B. Separate right and left ventricles✓
C. Filter blood
D. Generate electrical impulses

Separate right and left ventricles.

Question 99: What is ischemia?
A. Excess blood flow
B. Insufficient blood flow to an area✓
C. Normal blood flow
D. Blocked blood flow

Insufficient blood flow to an area.

Question 100: A left ventricular assist device (LVAD) functions as:
A. Heart valve replacement
B. Booster pump for left ventricle✓
C. Blood filter
D. Pacemaker

Booster pump for left ventricle.

Question 101: Lipid tests measure:
A. Blood pressure
B. Cholesterol and triglycerides in blood✓
C. Heart rhythm
D. Oxygen levels

Cholesterol and triglycerides in blood.