The Hundred Years' War: Causes and Key Events

Hundred Years War

Conflict between England and France from 1337-1453.

Edwardian War

First phase of the Hundred Years War.

Caroline War

Second phase of the Hundred Years War.

Lancastrian War

Final phase of the Hundred Years War.

Duchy

Land ruled by a Duke or Duchess.

Peerage

Noble titles in a hierarchical system.

Crown Prince

Heir apparent to the throne.

Baron

Lowest rank of peerage in nobility.

Knight (landed)

Noble owning land as part of title.

Knight (title)

Honorary title associated with chivalry.

Louis X

French king whose death raised succession issues.

Philip V

Brother of Louis X, became King of France.

Charles IV

King of France who died in 1328.

Blanche of France

Daughter of Charles IV, could not inherit throne.

Edward III

Claimed French throne through maternal lineage.

Philip VI

First King from the Valois line.

Nemo plus juris

Legal principle denying inheritance through mothers.

Gascony

Region in France, part of English holdings.

Battle of Arnemuiden

First naval battle using artillery in 1338.

Black Monday

1360 hailstorm killing over 1000 English troops.

Treaty of Bretigne

1360 agreement renouncing claims to French throne.

Avignon Papacy

Confirmed male-only inheritance in 1340.

Naval artillery

Cannon technology used in naval battles.

Succession crisis

Dispute over rightful heir to French throne.

Homage

Feudal acknowledgment of loyalty to a lord.