HISTOREEEE PEOOOPLE

William byrd

English composer

don juan of austria

-bastard son of Charles v
-fights the ottoman turks at lepanto

Thomas tallis

English composer, mostly all vocal pieces

st francis xavier

-greatest evangelist, 30k converts
-travels everywhere, learns all the languages
-taught poor children

st Ignatius Loyola

-Spanish soldier who converts
-religious order of trained soldiers = Jesuits
-writes spiritual exercises

pope Julius II

-warrior pope named after Caesar
-leads Italian armies against enemies
-exiled Borgias
-rebuilt st peters
-starts swiss guard

durer

-greatest wood carver ever
-photo realistic paintings
-the "da vinci" of the german era

pope paul ii

buys art for vatican

Bruegel the elder

-dutch/flemist who likes to paint landscape

Josquin de prez

-amazing musician, first polyphony master

el greco

-best Spanish painter
-colors and elongated shapes

henry viii

-8 wives (rizz)
-fat!
-gets annulment from catherine of aragon
-1534: act of supremacy- becomes pope of English church

st Thomas more

-writes "Utopia"
-humanist, lord high chancellor of England
-some beef with luther

pope alexander VI

-house of Borgia
-multiple wives and illegitimate kids
-prince of Italy and excellent Politian

queen Isabella of spain

-fixes economy and crime
-finances columbus' voyage
-expels jews and muslims
-great catholic (according to mr ghandhi but thats not true at all she literally is a horrible person but okay!)
-sets up government

Giordano bruno

-myth: "he is first martyr for science"
-not a scientist, he just believes a lot of theories
-most likely executed because of heresy, not science

tycho brahe

-greatest pre telescope astronomer
-Tychonian model, observes supernova
-drunk moose, golden nose

the renaissance big 3

-Da Vinci (hyper realistic
-Michelangelo (best sculptor ever)
-Raphael

Tomas Victoria

Spanish composer born after reformation

petrarch

-2nd most famous Italian poet
-hates scholasticism
-invented term "dark age"
-writes about lover "laura"
-self aware--> writes "secretum"

lorenzo de medici

-head of italic league(ensures peace in Italy)
-fighting against Hapsburgs and France (trying to take over Italy)

Nicolaus Copernicus

-first major Heliocentrist proponent, Polish
-simplifies the math
-doesn't publish heliocentrist stuff til death bed because theres evidence against it, and people have believed in geocentrism forever.
-myth that he doesnt publish bc he's scared of the church

palestrina

Italian composer known for peaceful style

rabelais

-French author who writes gargantua and Pantagruel
-language master

William cecil

-powerful protestant cheif advisor of elizabeth I
-had blackmail on her

martin luther

-monk that writes 95 thesis

-botticelli

personalized style for drawing people that made them glow and float

Charles V

-Q. Isabella's grandson
-holy roman emperor, ruled 1/4 of his reign on the road
-fights the ottoman turks

donatello

-Florentine sculptor who added more dimension
-"the titanic sculptor"

giotto

-FRESCOESss
-starts to break out of stiff, byzantine look, but till 2d
-spent all his money on blue

erasmus

-prince of the humanists
-dutch philosopher
-HUGE author - super popular books

anne boleyn

henry viii's first mistress who wants to become queen so he gets annulment from his first wife (catherine of aragon)

mary queen of scots

rightful queen of Scotland, imprisoned by Elizabeth I

bloody mary (mary I)

queen of England who tries to bring back Catholicism, but dies shortly after coronation

elizabeth I

-Anne Boleyn and Henry viii's daughter
-last house of tudor
-fairly tolerant
-declared illegitimate
-no systematic persecutions

ronsard

-prince of French poets
-best at "Pleiades"

dante

-writes divine comedy

pope leo X

-a medici, nearly bankrupts Vatican
-this starts reformation bcs of indulgences

machiavelli

French diplomat who writes "the prince"

garilasco

Spanish soldier, sonnet master

tasso

Italian author of "Jerusalem Reconquered"

calvin

-writes "institutes of Christian religion (major book of Calvinist doctrine)
-he provides the stability that protestants need after luther dies
-sole ruler of geneva

montaigne

-French writer regarded as the originator of the modern essay
-writes diaries
-attempts opinions, thoughts, and a true autobiography