Feminism

Non Core ideology

First Wave Feminism

First Wave Feminism

Late 19th Century + Early 20th

Focus on Formal Inequality in Public sphere

Legal inequality and Political inequality

Associated with Liberal Feminism

Second Wave Feminism

1960s-1980s

Chanllenged the traditional nuclear family

‘‘the personal is political’’

Articulates difference between sex and gender

Radical Feminism was central to this

Third Wave Feminism

Emerging in early 1990s

Focus on diveristy and intersectionality

Response to 2nd waves focus on white middle class white women

Broadened feminist discourse

Associated with post-modern feminism

Fourth Wave feminism

2010s

Focus on sexual harrasment, body shaving

#MeToo

What is Liberal feminism?

All individuals should be equally free and have same opportunities

Reformist Approach

Fpcus on securing legal and politcal ewuality

What do liberal feminists see the end goal as?

Removing discimination and inequality under the law

What reforms did liberal feminists achieve?

Suffrage - Achieved in US in 1920 UK in 1928

Eduction- Seeing it as essential to participate fully in life

Abortion and Reproductive rights

Political Representation

What did Liberal feminists think about stereotypes?

Created barries for women and limited freedom

Who was Mary Wollstonestonecraft ?

1st wave

Liberal Key thinker

What book did Mary Wollstonestonecraft write?

A vindication in the rights of women

What did Mary Wollestonecraft think?

Women are rational

Women are only inferiror due to unequal education stifiling there devleopment

What di Mary Wollstonestonecraft want?

Change in the way society viewed women

Education for women

Equal rights under the law

Equal employment oppurtunities

Who was Betty Freidan?

2nd wave

Liberal thinkers

What did Betty Freidan want?

Legal equality- Equal Pay act (1963)

Equal oppurtunity- Societal holds women down

What did Betty Freidan achieve in 1966?

National Organisation for Women (NOW)

What did Betty Freidan think that women couldnt achieve their full potential?

The problem that has no name

What did Betty Freidan say in the Feminine Mystique?

Who knows what women can be when they are finally free to become themselves

What did Marx and Engels think about feminism?

Inequality stems from Capitalism

Women are responsible for unpaid labour

Capitalism was the root cause

What is a quote used by Marx and Engels?

women were a ‘reserve army of labour’ that oculd be used when needed in low paid insecure jobs

What did Shelia Rowbothan argue regarding Capitalism?

Women face dual opression

-Poorly paid insecure jobs

-Unpaid domestic labour

What did Charlotte Perkins Gilam argue regarding Capitalism?

It forced women into socio-economic contract where women trade dometic labour, sex and reproductive ability for financial support

What did both women think about capitalism and discimination?

Not the sole factor but significant

What did Gilman think about social conditioning?

From a young age toys and clothes limit women

What did Rowbothaan argue that men in private sphere?

They took refuge and held power over women

What did Rowbotham call for?

A revolution within a revolution

What was Kate Millets book?

Sexual Politics

What was a key phrase of Kate Millett?

‘ the personal is political’

What kind of feminist was Kate Millet?

2nd Wave

Radical

What did Kate Millett think ?

The private sphere was a site of much opression

Unpaid labour fed into opression

What did Kate Millet think about the traditional family?

Central to enforcing patriachy by assigning authority and leadership roles to men

What other issues did Kate Millet draw attention to?

Rape

Domestic violence

Labelled them as manifestation of patriachal power and control

How did Kate Millet think about society?

Upholds traditional gender roles through media

What did radical feminists think about patriachy?

From a young age women are socialised to be passive,submissive and nurturing and culutral norms and media portrayals support this

What did radical feminists think of sexuality?

If women are overly sexual they are condemed by society

They oppose pornography and prositituion

What chnage do Revolutionary Feminists advocate for?

Revolutionary change as incremental change will be inefficient

What kind of spaces did radical feminists advocate for?

Womens only spaces

What did bell hooks argue?

Womens experience shouldnt be universialised

Women should have solidatiry between other groups facing opression

Who was bell hooks?

Post modern feminist