Module #1_Fluid Disorders (Part 1)

studied byStudied by 6 people
5.0(1)
Get a hint
Hint

60%

1 / 66

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

67 Terms

1

60%

Total body water of ADULT MALES

New cards
2

50%

Total body water of ADULT FEMALES/ELDERLY MALES

New cards
3

45%

Total body water of ELDERLY FEMALES

New cards
4

60-70%

Total body water of PEDIATRICS

New cards
5

Vehicle

Water inside the body acts as _______________ for the different solutes such as the electrolytes (K, Na, Mg, etc.)

New cards
6

Medium for chemical reactions

Water inside the body acts as _______________ since some chemical reactions requires water before proceeding and some reactions produce water

New cards
7

Lubricant and shock absorber

Water inside the body acts as _______________ such as synovial fluid in the joint, Cerebrospinal Fluid. Brain is made up of around 75% water

New cards
8

Acts as regulatory mechanisms

Water inside the body acts as _______________ such as Acid-base balance, Hydro-electrolytic balance, and Temperature regulation

New cards
9

Higher

The total body water is __________ in pediatric patients compared to elderly

New cards
10

Lower

The total body water is ________ in females than in males

New cards
11

TRUE

[TRUE/FALSE] The greater the weight of the patient, the tendency is to have a decreased TBW, especially for those in obese patients due to fat or adipose tissues

New cards
12

2/3

The intracellular fluid compartment comprises _____ of the TBW.

New cards
13

1/3

The extracellular fluid compartment comprises _____ of the TBW.

New cards
14

Interstitial Fluid (ISF)

Fluid in the interstitial spaces between cells, ¾ of ECF

New cards
15

Intravascular Fluid (IVF)

Fluid in the plasma of the blood (or fluid inside the blood vessels), ¼ of ECF

New cards
16

3/4

The interstitial fluid comprises ____ of the ECF.

New cards
17

1/4

The intravascular fluid comprises ____ of the ECF.

New cards
18

Potassium

Most abundant cation in the intracellular fluid

New cards
19

Potassium (K+)

This cation functions as:

Resting membrane potential

Action potentials

Maintain intracellular volume

Regulation of pH

New cards
20

Phosphates and proteins

Most abundant anions in the intracellular fluid

New cards
21

Extracellular fluid compartment

This compartment comprises water outside the cells, 1/3 of TBW

New cards
22

Intracellular fluid compartment

This compartment includes water inside the cells, 2/3 of TBW.

New cards
23

Sodium (Na+)

This cation functions as:

Muscle contraction

Impulse transmission

Fluid and electrolyte balance

Highly correlated to the fluid levels

New cards
24

Sodium

Most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid.

New cards
25

Chloride

Most abundant anion in the extracellular fluid.

New cards
26

Chloride (Cl-)

This anion functions as:

Balances levels of anions in different compartments

Regulates osmotic pressure

Forms HCl in gastric acid

New cards
27

Tonicity

Fluid tension between ECF (Extracellular Fluid) and ICF (Intracellular fluid); reference point for IV solutions

New cards
28

Higher; Lower

In Osmosis: movement of water to an area of ________ concentration of water molecules to an area of ________ concentration of water molecules

New cards
29

Effective osmoles

Solutes that cannot freely cross membranes, examples are sodium, glucose, and albumin

New cards
30

Isotonic

When the solution has the same tonicity as compared to plasma; has a net change of 0

New cards
31

Hypertonic

When the solution has higher solute particles vs plasma; causes shrinkage of cells; has a net change of positive

New cards
32

Hypotonic

When the solution has lower solute particles compared to plasma; causes swelling of cells; has net change of negative

New cards
33

Osmolality

Number of solutes in 1kg of water

New cards
34

FALSE

[TRUE/FALSE] Osmolality and Osmolarity is NOT interchangeable since the human body is made up of different components.

New cards
35

280-295 mOsm/kg

Normal measured plasma osmolality.

New cards
36

Hypotonic

If the osmolality of the IV solution is 240 mOsm/kg H2O, it is ___________

New cards
37

Hypertonic

If the osmolality of the IV solution is 310 mOsm/kg H2O, it is ___________

New cards
38

Sodium

Biggest contributor in osmolarity

New cards
39

Low water content

Implications of a high serum osmolarity (more concentrated serum) where the patient may be dehydrated

New cards
40

High water content

Implications of a low serum osmolarity where the patient may have hypertension, Heart Failure, Edema

New cards
41

135-145 mmol/L

Normal range/ lab values for sodium

New cards
42

Thirst

A water regulatory mechanism to increase water intake

Stimuli: Increase pOsm, decrease ECF, decrease BP

New cards
43

Arginine Vasopressin

A water regulatory mechanism which is the major determinant of water loss; Synthesized by hypothalamus and secreted by posterior pituitary gland in response to the following stimulus:

New cards
44

Sensible water intake/loss

Conscious water intake/loss (drinking, urination)

New cards
45

Insensible water intake/loss

Water intake or loss without observing (Metabolism, and via skin/lungs)

New cards
46

TRUE

[TRUE/FALSE] Ideally, Water intake should be equal to water loss (approx. 2.5 L)

New cards
47

V1a

Vasopressin receptor that acts on the vascular smooth muscle which causes Vasoconstriction, cardiac hypertrophy

New cards
48

V1b

Vasopressin receptor that is reactive to stress which releases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) & endorphin

New cards
49

V2

Vasopressin receptor that acts on the renal collecting duct for the resorption of water from the urine back to the blood/ systemic circulation through the aquaporin-2 water channel

New cards
50

1-2.5 L

Final urine volume excreted per day

New cards
51

Oliguria/ Anuria

Decreased urine output (< 1L/day)

New cards
52

FALSE

[TRUE/FALSE] Body detects low water levels so there will be low levels of water in the blood --> Pituitary gland will release less ADH, increasing water volume in the blood

New cards
53

TRUE

[TRUE/FALSE] Body detects high water levels --> Pituitary gland will release less ADH, prompting urination to decrease water content in the body

New cards
54

HYPOVOLEMIA

[HYPOVOLEMIA/HYPERVOLEMIA] Clinical manifestations in the CNS: Lethargic, weak, dizzy

New cards
55

HYPERVOLEMIA

[HYPOVOLEMIA/HYPERVOLEMIA] Clinical manifestations in the pulmonary: Crackles, Dyspnea

New cards
56

HYPERVOLEMIA

[HYPOVOLEMIA/HYPERVOLEMIA] Clinical manifestations in the CV system: High BP, Low HR

New cards
57

HYPOVOLEMIA

[HYPOVOLEMIA/HYPERVOLEMIA] Clinical manifestations in the renal system: Low urine output

New cards
58

HYPOVOLEMIA

[HYPOVOLEMIA/HYPERVOLEMIA] Clinical manifestations in the skin: Pallor, decreased skin turgidity, decreased perfusion

New cards
59

TRUE

[TRUE/FALSE] One goal of the management of fluid deficit disorders is to administer supporting fluids and medications to stabilize patient

New cards
60

Vital signs

This includes volume status assessment of Blood pressure, Heart rate, Orthostatic changes

New cards
61

Physical examination

This includes volume status assessment of Mental status, Capillary refill, Extremity temperature, Skin turgor, Skin perfusion, Urine output

New cards
62

Laboratory tests

This includes volume status assessment of Fractional excretion of sodium and urea, Blood lactate level, Mixed venous oxygen saturation

New cards
63

TRUE

[TRUE/FALSE] If patient has low blood levels, they will have a Decrease BP

New cards
64

FALSE

[TRUE/FALSE] If patient has low blood levels, they will be bradycardic as a compensatory mechanism

New cards
65

TRUE

[TRUE/FALSE] If you're dehydrated the tendency is the skin will not immediately go back to its normal appearance

New cards
66

TRUE

[TRUE/FALSE] If patient is dehydrated, they will have pale skin (pallor) since with low water levels, different parts of the skin are not perfused adequately

New cards
67

FALSE

[TRUE/FALSE] There is increased urine output when patient is dehydrated.

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 69 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 5 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 18 people
... ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 12 people
... ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 63 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 14 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 499 people
... ago
5.0(6)
note Note
studied byStudied by 540 people
... ago
4.7(3)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (22)
studied byStudied by 3 people
... ago
5.0(3)
flashcards Flashcard (35)
studied byStudied by 3 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (100)
studied byStudied by 57 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (26)
studied byStudied by 28 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (36)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (31)
studied byStudied by 322 people
... ago
4.8(6)
flashcards Flashcard (49)
studied byStudied by 3 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (53)
studied byStudied by 19 people
... ago
5.0(1)
robot