Module 3.1 TYPICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESSES

chronic

symptoms may be long-lasting symptoms .They develop and potentially

worsen over time

acute, like me

symptoms may occur suddenly, immediate or rapidly developing symptoms

relapsing like si ate jehann

symptoms may be a recurrence of symptoms of a disease after a period of

improvement.

remitting

symptoms may improved or gone

asymptomatic

there are no symptoms

constitutional or general symptoms

those that are related to the systemic

effects of a disease (e.g., fever, malaise,

anorexia, weight loss). They affect the

entire body rather than a specific organ

or location

negative symptoms

are symptoms that are not

present or that are diminished in the affected

persons but are normally found in healthy

person

positive symptoms

are symptoms that most

individuals do not normally experience but are

present in the disorder. Hallucinations, delusions

and bizarre behavior

consciousness

this is the state of awareness

apperception

perception modified by one's own

emotions and thoughts

sensorium

state of functioning of the special

senses

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psychotic

gross impairment of reality testing

disorientation

disturbance of orientation as to

time, place, or person

clouding of consciousness

incomplete

clearmindedness with disturbance in perception

and attitudes

stupor

lack of reaction to an unawareness of

surroundings

delirium

bewildered, restless, confused,

disoriented reaction associated with fear and

hallucinations

coma

profound degree of unconsciousness

coma vigil

coma in which eyes remain

open

dreamy state(twilight)

disturbed

consciousness with hallucination

distractibility

inability to concentrate attention

selective inattentio

blocking out things that

generate anxiety

emotion

this is a a complex feeling state with psychic, somatic

and behavioral components that is related to

affect and mood

affect

subjective and immediate experience of

emotion attached to ideas, has an outward manifestation

mood

a pervasive or sustained emotion

inappropriate affect

disharmony between the

emotional feeling tone and the idea, thought or

speech accompanying it

appropriate affect

emotional tone in harmony

with the accompanying idea, thought or speech

blunted affect

a disturbance in affect

manifested by a severe reduction in the intensity

of externalized feeling tone

flat affect

absence or near absence of any

signs of affective expression

labile affect

rapid changes in emotional

feeling tone, unrelated to external stimuli

Dysphoric mood

an unpleasant mood

utymic mood

normal range mood

expansive mood

expression of one's

feelings without restraint

irritable mood

easily annoyed and

provoked to anger

mood swings

oscillations between periods

of euphoria and depression or anxiety

elation

air of confidence and enjoyment

associated with increased motor activity

exaltation

intense elation with feelings of

grandeur

ecstacy

feeling of intense rapture

depression

psychopathological feeling of

sadness

grief/mourning

sadness appropriate to a real

loss

alexythymia

inability to describe one's emotion

apathy

dulled emotional tone associated with

indifference

ambivalence

coexistence of two opposing

impulses toward the same person

depersonalization

feeling of unreality

concerning oneself

derealization

distortion of spatial relationships

so that the environment becomes unfamiliar

moto behavior(conation)

The capacity to initiate action or motor

discharge that concerns the basic strivings of a

person as expressed through that person's

behavior

Echolalia

psychopathological repeating of words

of one person by another

Echopraxia

pathological imitation of movements

of one person by another

Cereaflexibilitas/Waxyflexibity

state in which one

maintains body position into which one is placed

catalepsy

state of unconsciousness in which

immobile position is constantly maintained

Command automatism

automatic following of

suggestions

Poverty of Content of Speech

speech that gives

little information due to vagueness, empty

repetitions or obscure phrases

delusion

false belief, not consistent with

patient's intelligence and cultural background,

that cannot be corrected by reasoning

Magical Thinking

belief that thoughts, words, or

actions can prevent an occurrence by some

mystical means

bizarre

an absurd false belief

somatic

false belief involving functioning of

one's body

poverty

false belief that one lacks material

possessions

nihilistic

false feeling that self, others is

nonexistent

references

false belief that the behavior of

others refers to oneself

persecution

false belief that one is being

persecuted

swlf accusation

false feeling of remorse

grandeur

exaggerated conceptions of one's

importance

infedility

false belief that one's lover is

unfaithful

paranoid

oversuspiciousness

control

false feeling that one is being

controlled by others

phobia

exaggerated pathological dread of

some specific type of stimulus or situation

hypochondria

exaggerated concern over

one's health that is not based on real organic

pathology

obsession

pathological persistence of

irresistible thought, feeling or impulse that

cannot be eliminated from consciousness

perception

Awareness of objects and relations that follows

stimulation of peripheral sense organ

auditory

false perception in hearing

Hypnopompic

hallucination occurring while

awakening from sleep

agnosia

an inability to recognize and interpret

the significance of sensory impression

hypnagogic hallucinations

false sensory perception occurring

while falling asleep

gustatory

false perception of taste

olfactory

false perception in smell

visual

false visual perception

mood incongruent

hallucination whose

content is mood inappropriate

Tactile/Haptic

false perception of movement

or sensation, as from an amputated limb

(phantom limb)

Lilliputian

perception of objects as reduced

in size

memory

Function by which information stored in the brain is

later recalled to consciousness

mood-incongruent

hallucination whose

content is mood inappropriate

hypermnesia

exaggerated degree of retention

and recall

amnesia

partial or total inability to recall past

experiences

Paramnesia

falsification of memory by distortion

of recall

confabulation

unconscious filling of

amnesic gaps by imagined experiences

Fausse Reconnaissance

false recognition

Retrospective Falsification

recollection of a

true memory to which the patient adds false

details

jamais vu

false feeling of unfamiliarity with a real

situation one has experienced

déjà vu

illusion of visual recognition in

which a new situation is incorrectly regarded

as a repetition of previous memory

Déjà entendu

illusion of auditory recognition

intelligence

The ability to understand, recall, mobilize, and

integrate constructively previous learning in meeting

new situations

52-67 IQ

IQ of mild retardation

36-51 IQ

IQ of Moderate retardation

below 20 IQ

IQ of Profound Retardation

20-35 IQ

IQ of Severe retardation

dementia

Organic loss of mental functioning

catatonia

motor anomalies in non-organic

disorders

excitement

excited motor activity

rigidity

assumption of inappropriate

posture

automatism

automatic performance of acts

representative of unconscious symbolic

activity

cataplexy

temporary loss of muscle tone and

weakness precipitated by a variety of

emotional states