Argument Vocabulary - AP Language & Composition

Argument

Argument

A reason or set of reasons given with the aim of persuading others that an action or idea is right or wrong.

Claim

An assertion/statement of the truth of something

Assert

To state a fact or belief confidently

Equivocate

When one tries to argue both sides evenly, thus not asserting a clear position

Position

One’s stance on an issue

Challenge

To contradict a position

Defend

To support a position

Qualify

To set parameters for an argument

(Yes, but . . . OR No, but . . .)

Hypothetical Evidence

Examples that could potentially happen but have not actually happened.

Hypothetical evidence tends to be weak evidence and should not be included in essays.

General Evidence

Evidence that is vague or too broad

Somewhat Specific Evidence

Evidence that has some concrete details but is still somewhat imprecise

Specific Evidence

Evidence that contains detailed information to help the reader clearly understand the example

Commentary

Analysis that explains the significance of the evidence

Counterargument

The opposing argument.

Counterclaim

A claim meant to rebut (go against/refute/disprove) a previous claim.

Rebuttal

A refutation or contradiction; follows the counterclaim to disprove it, thus strengthening one’s position.

Concession

Acknowledging the merit of the opposing argument

Refutation

The action of proving a statement or theory to be wrong or false.