PRENATAL TO OLD AGE DEVELOPMENT

Prenatal Development

Conception occurs and development begins. The soul exists after the sperm and egg cell united

Germinal Stage

Fertilization (sperm meets the egg), Implantation in the uterine wall, Fertilized egg (zygote) goes rapid cell division, Zygote turn blastocyst (hollow ball of cells), Blastocyst implants in the uterus

Embryonic Stage

Basic structures and organ systems (heart, brain, nervous system, limbs, internal organs), Vulnerable and crucial stage, this is where the development of cells begin.

Fetal Stage

Organ growth and refinement, Fetus development in size and weight, Organs (brain, respiratory, digestive) became more functional. Movements, responses are identified. Finishing touches happens at this stage

Newborn Reflexes

is not completely helpless; Wide range of reflexes; automatic responses to stimuli

Reflexes

Innate automatic responses; Capable of more complex behavior

Moro Reflex

birth to 2 months, responses to stimuli and seeks to embracing position

Rooting Reflex

birth to 4 months, survival reflex, movements of the mouth are evident. Everything that touches the face/cheek of the baby, he will sense or look for it first before sucking.

Sucking Reflex

2 to 3 months, link with rooting breastfeeding, expression and milking responses. Once they detect through their rooting reflex, they will instinctively suck anything that makes contact with the roof of their mouth, facilitating the feeding process.

Blinking/Hearing Reflexes

permanent, survival responses, visual/auditory

Palmar Reflex

5 to 6 months, gripping (toes curl tightly), no control & let go. When stroking their palm, they grasp it. They learn how to hold on to and how to let go.

Galant Reflex

3 to 9 months, flexion of the hip, age prep for crawling/walking

Plantar Reflex

(center of the foot) 6 to 12 months, flexion of the foot, age of standing. Tests whether the nervous system is functioning correctly.

Babinski Reflex

(side of the foot) 8 to 12 months, toes fan out, bottom of the foot response

Play

is the work of children that consists of those activities performed for self

Non Social Activity

Also known as Solitary play or Onlooker play.

Solitary Play

also known as independent play, is the stage in which a child starts to explore alone.

Parallel Play

form of limited social participation where children play near each other but do not interact with one another. They use the same materials but they do different activities.

Associative play

a form of limited social participation where children play near each other but have different ideas and goals

Cooperative play

another form of true social participation or a more advanced type of interaction where children are engaged toward a common goal. Such as building a puzzle together, playing a board game.

Functional play

these are simple and repetitive motor movements with or without objects. (e.g. A child plays a particular toy according to how it functions)

Constructive play

a type of play where children create or construct something. Children use different materials to create or build something.

Make believe play

a type of play that engages children in acting out everyday or imaginary roles

Puberty

Came from the Latin word pubescere means “to grow hairy” Changes in height, weight, fat, muscle content and develops self

Puberty

Physical transition to adulthood passes through dramatic and momentous changes. The body reaches the capacity for sexual reproduction.

Adolescence

is the memorable stage of development but the most fragile one.

Adolescence

growth to maturity

Adolescence

Teenagers want to spend more time with friends and less time with parents and family

Adulthood

Late thirties (or age 40) through the mid

Old Age

Slower cognitive processing speed, memory and attention; Increased wisdom and life experiences; Increased healthcare needs; Provide support and guidance to younger generation

Logical Determinacy

The human development follows a pattern.

Susceptible Stimuli

The development responds to the environment

Cephalocaudal Development

The development occurs from head to body

Proximodistal Development

Refer to the tendency to acquire motor skills, development occurs from center to outward

Permissive (parenting style)

child driven; rarely gives or enhances rules; overindulges child to avoid conflict

Authoritative

solves problems together with child; sets clear rules and expectations; open communication and natural consequences

Authoritarian

parent-driven; sets strict rules and punishment; one-way communication, with little consideration of social-emotional and behavioral needs

Neglectful

uninvolved or absent; provides little nurturance or guidance; indifferent to child’s social-emotional and behavioral needs