CS 4337 Exam 1 Review

False

An advantage of using a compiler is that it generally produces portable code able to fun on many different hardware and software platforms.

block statement

What innovation introduced in ALGOL68 is often credited to Pascal?

False

Most programming languages are implemented as interpreters these days.

Easy development

From the point of view of the programmer what are the major advantages of using a high-level language rather than internal machine code or assembler language?

True

Python is interpreted.

Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism

Which of the following mechanisms is/are provided by Object Oriented Language to implement Object Oriented Model?

Reduce complexity

Which of the following is the functionality of 'Data Abstraction'?

Algol

Which PL is considered an ancestor to C, Java, and Ruby?

Logic Programming

Prolog comes under ___________

functional-oriented

Scala is part of the: ____?

True

The "Von Neumann" computer architecture is characterized by hardware that has a CPU separate from memory, which is used to hold both data and programs.

FORTRAN

Programming language which is used for scientific purposes in batches is

Byte code

_______________ is the assembly language for an imaginary architecture.

False

Markup languages are general purpose programming languages.

List Processing

Lisp is the second oldest high level programming language. Here Lisp stands for

add comments to it

To made program more easier to understand, programmers can

False

C has strong type-checking

C

The ________________ programming language is an example of a compiled language.

True

All phases of a compiler use a symbol table.

False

One of the advantages of interpreted languages is their faster execution time compared to compiled languages.

hierarchical

Which following term(s) is not a PL programming paradigm?

machine language, different for every type of CPU

What is the only language that a computer understands directly?

interpreter

A program which interprets each line of high level program at time of execution is called

True

Java uses a hybrid approach of compiling and interpreting.

assembly code into machine code

An assembler translates

machine language, assembly language, high level language

What are the three main types of computer programming languages?

Easy development

From the point of view of the programmer what are the major advantages of using ahigh-level language rather than internal machine code or assembler language?

Syntax

Programming languages have __________ , just like natural languages.

False

JavaScript is the same language as Java.

Scalable language

Scala is short form of

LISP

What programming language is used for artificial intelligence?

C

What programming language is used for system programming?

Java

What programming language is used for internet programming?

Fortran

What PL is used for scientific applications?

Cobol

What PL is used for business applications?

False

Machine code includes English words for basic computer commands.

True

Pascal became the most widely used introductory language

True

A strongly typed programming language is one that detects all type errors either at compile time or a run time.

Assembly

Which of the following is not a high level programming language?

To enable the program to be run on multiple platforms.

Which of the following is not an advantage of using a low level language?

interpreter

Program used for interactive computing is

False

In an abstract data type, the data representation of the type is the focus.

top-down parsing

When the parser starts constructing the parse tree from the start symbol and then tries to transform the start symbol to the input, it is called?

True

Denotational semantics is based on recursive function theory.

Denotational semantics

The most rigorous and most widely known formal method for describing the meaning of programs?

True

An actual_type is a synthesized attribute that stores the actual type of a variable or expression.

True

Synthesized attributes are used to pass semantic information up a parse tree.

the value of i in s

VARMP(i, s) produces?

False

An expected_type is a synthesized attribute associated with non-terminal that stores the expected type of an expression.

specify the static semantics of a programming language

Attribute grammars are used to

False

The lexical structure of complex programming languages like Java can not be defined using BNF

EBNF vs BNF

Not more powerful, but its rules are often simpler and clearer

right

Given the following BNF grammar for a language with two infix operators represented by # and $.

→ → $ → ( ) → # → x | y →

What is the associativity of the $ operator:

True

If the grammar for a language is unambiguous, then there is only one way to parse each valid sentence in that language.

Components of a grammar

Productions, non-terminal symbols, terminal symbols, and a start symbol that must be a non-terminal.

Symbol Table

Which of the following is the name of the data structure in a compiler that is responsible for managing information about variables and their attributes? Choose ONE.

False

An operator's precedence determines whether it associates to the left or right.

The Dangling Else

Unable to determine with which 'if' the following 'else' associates

True

A recursive descent parser can not directly use a grammar that has left recursive rules.

{ }

EBNF for a series of zero or more; iteration

#

Given the following BNF grammar for a language with two infix operators,

→ → $ → ( ) → # → x | y →

Which operator has higher precedence:

Derivation

The outcome of replacing a non-terminal by the right-hand side of one of its productions

False

The EBNF notation allows one to define grammars that can not be defined using the simpler BNF notation.

left

Given the following BNF grammar for a language with two infix operators represented by # and $.

→ → $ → ( ) → # → x | y →

What is the associativity of the # operator:

The form of a language. A precise description of all the grammatically correct programs in a programming language.

Syntax

Represent the alphabet of the language being defined

Terminal symbol

-> | | ε -> 0 | 1

Which one of these grammars can produce the string 1010?

where ε is the empty string.

Lexer

Which program groups characters in code into tokens in a compiler?

Syntax analysis

In which phase in compiler design do we check the grammar of the programming language?

Formal Logic

On what branch of mathematics is axiomatic semantics based?

Preconditions and Postconditions

In Axiomatic semantics, the meaning of a specific statement is defined by:

Denotational semantics

__________ is based on recursive function theory.

Terminals.

In a parse tree, what do leaf nodes indicate?

Java

Which of the following programming languages is not susceptible to a stack-based buffer overflow attack?

On the stack before the return pointer,

On the stack after the return pointer,

In the stack frame of another function,

On the heap

Where can an attacker who is trying to "smash the stack" put their attack code if the buffer to be overflowed is on the stack? (5)

Pointer arithmetic

Which kinds of operations are most likely to lead to buffer overflows in C?

True

A "strong type system" is described as one in which there is no possibility of an unchecked run-time type error. In other words, the absence of unchecked run time errors is referred to as safety or type safety.

Whatever is in the memory space that comes after the buffer is overwritten

What typically happens when a buffer is overflowed?

Python

Which one of the following languages supports dynamic type binding?

Security-sensitive data,

A return pointer,

Any kind of pointer,

Anything that will make the program crash

What can be overwritten by a buffer overflow that causes a security problem?

the type system that guarantees not to generate type errors.

What is a strong type system?

boundary checks

Buffer-overflow may remain as a bug in apps if __________ are not done fully.

Only static type checking is done

For strongly-typed languages

C, C++

Applications developed by programming languages like ____ and ______ have this common buffer overflow error.

Whatever is at A[555] will be overwritten

If you declare an array as A[100] in C and you try to write data to A[555], what will happen?

int p = (int) malloc(50);

Which one of the following is an example of an explicit heap-dynamic variable?

dynamically

In an application that uses heap, the memory for data is allocated

True

Buffer-overflow attack can take place if a machine can execute a code that resides in the data/stack segment.

heap

Variables that get created dynamically when a function (such as malloc()) is called is created in the form of _______ data structure.