nitrogen cycle
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5 Terms
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Nitrogen Fixation
Problem: Plants can’t use N₂ gas from the air.
Solution: Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soil or roots of legumes turn N₂ into ammonia (NH₃) that plants can use.
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Nitrification
From: NH₄⁺ (ammonium)
To: NO₂⁻ (nitrite), then to NO₃⁻ (nitrate)
Who does it? Nitrifying bacteria (2-step process)
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Assimilation
From: NO₃⁻ (nitrate in soil)
To: Proteins/DNA inside plants and animals
Who does it? Plants take it up, animals eat the plants
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Ammonification
From: Organic nitrogen in dead stuff or waste
To: NH₃ or NH₄⁺
Who does it? Decomposers (bacteria/fungi)
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Denitrification
From: NO₃⁻ (nitrate)
To: N₂ (gas back into atmosphere)
Who does it? Denitrifying bacteria (in low-oxygen environments)
Note 
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