Physical Education & Health I – 1st Quarter Exam Pointers

Vocabulary flashcards covering historical milestones, curricular standards, objectives, health- and skill-related fitness components, body types, and the F.I.T.T. training framework.

Germany (PE History)

Introduced Turner Societies—gymnastic training with heavy apparatus such as side horse, parallel bars, and horizontal bars.

Sweden (PE History)

Promoted health through prescribed movement patterns using light apparatus like wands and climbing ropes.

England (PE History)

Brought sports and games to America, stressing moral development through participation in physical activities.

Turner Societies

German gymnastic clubs that emphasized systematic exercises with heavy apparatus.

Round Hill School (1823)

First U.S. school to include physical education as an integral part of the curriculum.

Catherine Beecher (1824)

First American to design a formal exercise program for U.S. children.

California Exercise Law (1866)

First state law mandating two exercise periods per day in public schools.

The New Physical Education (1927)

Book by Thomas Wood & Rosalind Cassidy advocating ‘education through the physical.’

AAHPERD

American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance; sets quality K–12 PE guidelines.

Elementary PE Time

AAHPERD recommends at least 150 minutes of PE instruction per week for grades K-5.

Secondary PE Time

AAHPERD recommends 225 minutes of PE instruction per week for middle and high school students.

Elementary Curriculum (PE)

Emphasizes learning and refining fundamental motor skills such as running, skipping, catching, and balancing.

Middle School Curriculum (PE)

Focuses on a wide range of team and individual sports that use previously learned motor skills.

High School Curriculum (PE)

Centers on lifetime sports skills (e.g., golf, tennis, aerobic dance) with secondary emphasis on team sports.

Physical Development (PE Objective)

Goal: Develop and maintain good health, physical fitness, muscular control, and coordination.

Social Development (PE Objective)

Goal: Build desirable social traits through interaction in physical activities.

Emotional Development (PE Objective)

Goal: Foster self-expression, emotional mastery, diplomacy, and truthfulness in group settings.

Mental Development (PE Objective)

Goal: Enhance thinking processes, strategy understanding, problem-solving, and decision-making via movement.

Cardiovascular Endurance

Ability of heart, lungs, and vessels to sustain prolonged exercise (e.g., swimming, running, cycling).

Flexibility

Capacity of joints and muscles to move through full range of motion without pain; improved by stretching, yoga, Tai Chi.

Muscular Strength

Ability to exert maximal force (e.g., push-ups, plank, tuck jumps).

Muscular Endurance

Ability of muscles to perform repeated contractions over time (e.g., cycling, stair climbing).

Body Composition

Ratio of body fat to lean mass; fit men < 17 % body fat, women < 24 %.

Ectomorph

Naturally thin body type with lean build, long limbs, and difficulty gaining weight or muscle.

Mesomorph

Body type with natural muscularity, wide shoulders, narrow waist, and round muscle bellies.

Endomorph

Body type prone to weight gain, wider build, thick ribcage, and shorter limbs.

Speed

Skill-related ability to move quickly from one point to another (e.g., fast-break in basketball).

Agility

Ability to change body position rapidly and accurately while maintaining balance (e.g., dodging a defender).

Balance

Capacity to maintain equilibrium whether stationary or moving (e.g., landing after a rebound).

Coordination

Integration of senses with body movements to perform tasks smoothly (e.g., dribbling while running).

Reaction Time

Interval between stimulus recognition and body movement (e.g., moving foot to brake pedal).

Power

Ability to exert force quickly; combination of strength and speed (e.g., vertical jump, shot put).

F.I.T.T. Principle

Framework—Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type—used to structure and adjust exercise programs.

Frequency (F)

How often exercise sessions occur; e.g., cardio 5+ days/week or strength 2-3 non-consecutive days.

Intensity (I)

How hard you work; measured by heart rate, perceived exertion, or weight/reps in strength training.

Time (T)

Duration of each workout session; varies from 15-60 min cardio or length of weight-training sets/workout.

Type (T)

Kind of exercise performed, such as running, cycling, resistance bands, or body-weight training.

Importance of F.I.T.T.

Guides program manipulation to boost results, prevent plateaus, reduce boredom, and avoid overuse injuries.

Integration of F.I.T.T.

Adjust workouts by altering frequency, intensity, time, or type—for example, adding a run interval to walks.