Unit 2 Biology Quiz - Cells, Division, etc

Cytoplasm

Vacuole

Cell Membrane

Cell Wall

Chloroplast

Ribosome

Endoplastic Recticulum

Nucleus

Nuclear Membrane

Mitochondria

Golgi Body

Cytoplasm

Ribosome

Endoplastic Recticulum

Golgi Body

Cell Membrane

Mitochondria

Vacuole

Nucleus

Nuclear Membrane

Cytoplasm Definition

• All organelles are floating inside the cytoplasm

• Made of mostly water, making it either jelly-like or liquid for organelles to move around inside of it

Endoplastic Reticulum Definition

• Made of branching tubes and pockets

• Continuous from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane

• Fluid-filled tubes transport materials through the cell

Ribosomes Definition

• Protein Factory: Ribosomes are like tiny factories in a cell that make proteins. Proteins are important for the cell to work and grow
  
  

• Ribosomes read the cell's DNA to know how to build the right proteins
  
  

• You can find ribosomes floating in the cell’s cytoplasm or stuck on the endoplasmic reticulum.

Golgi Bodies Definition

• Collect and process materials to be removed from the cell

• Makes and secretes mucus

Vacuoles Definition

• Single layer of membrane for a fluid-filled sac

• Function depends on the type of cell

• Some functions are:

  • containing some substances

  • removing unwanted substances from the cell

  • maintaining internal fluid pressure inside the cell

  • Takes up most space in plant cells

Cell Wall Definition

• Outside the cell membrane of a plant cell

• Made of cellulose

• Gives support for cell shape

• Protects cell from physical injury

Chloroplast

Contains chlorophyll pigment which gives leaves their green colour

Absorbs light energy to allow for photosynthesis

Photosynthesis: light energy from the Sun and carbon dioxide is used to make glucose (sugar) and oxygen

Prokaryotes

A cell that does NOT have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles

Eukaryotes

A cell that HAS a nucleus and other organelles, each surrounded by a thin membrane

Diffusion

Movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration

Osmosis

Movement of water from high concentration to low concentration

Name the stages of Cell Division

Interphase

Mitosis:

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

Cytokinesis

What happens to a plant cell in cytokinesis?

In a plant cell, a plate forms that becomes a cell wall, sealing off the contents of the new cells from each other.

Apoptosis

When a cell is damaged, it is programmed to destroy itself through apoptosis

Tumor

Abnormal mass of cells that can harm tissues, organs, and systems. This can lead to cancer.

Cancer

When cells grow out of control and damage healthy organs and tissues

Benign Tumor

A tumor that does not affect surrounding tissues other than by physically crowding them (Left)

Malignant Tumor

A tumor that interferes with the functioning of surrounding cells; a cancerous tumor (Right)

Metastasis

The process of cancer cells breaking away from the original (primary) tumor and establishing another (secondary) tumor elsewhere in the body

Cellular Differentiation

The process by which a cell (Unspecialized/Stem Cell) becomes specialized to perform a specific function

Stem Cell

An undifferentiated cell that can divide to form specialized cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Can differentiate into any kind of cell → pluripotent

Tissue Stem Cells:

Can differentiate into specific types of cells depending in what tissue it is in

→ multipotent