Exam 4 Jeopardy and Lecture Notes Questions

US top seized items by MRSP?

Value: jewelry

Number: handbags

What are the three types of cyber crime?

1. conventional crime committed with computers (ie.e bank fraud)

2. tax on computer network (i.e. virus, malware, trojan horse)

3. conventional crime with digital evidence (i.e. texts, emails, location)

Why are college students a vulnerable group for human trafficking?

They are trying to establish networks and open to new friends (i.e. fake resources)

The illegal transportation across international borders for money is the definition of?

Human smugglings

When was Michigan’s death penalty abolished?

1847 in Michigan

When was the death penalty abolished constitutionally?

1963

What is a trademark?

Protects intellectual property

What do analysts use AI for?

Surveillance and running codes

Who can’t be executed in the US?

Pregnant or disabled people and children

What is the minimun age to waiver adult court?

Depending on the laws in that state, generally 14 years old

Arguments against death penalty?

1. brutalizing effect

2. family doesn’t want it

3. cost

4. efficiency

Criticism of no-fly list?

1. they don’t tell you if you are on it

2. once you are on it, you’re done for; can’t fly ever again

What issue does Wilkinson v. Utah address?

Firing squad deemed constitutional for executions in certain circumstances

What are all of the execution methods?

1. lethal injection

2. execution

3. gas chamber

4. firing squad

5. hanging

   1. drug protocol

Identify key features of female gangs that differentiate them from male gangs.

1. tend to leave mid-20s

2. usually join because of victimization in household

3. don’t commit as much violent crime

4. they are a lower number of female gangs

What case resulted in the rights seared to juveniles in hearings that could result in committed? (i.e. set of due processes for juveniles)

In re Gualt

Where do most seized items come from?

China and Hong Kong; more than 90%

What are common delinquent offenses?

1. arson

2. vandalism

3. liquor law violation

4. curfew violations

5. running from cops

Where was the first juvenile court?

Cook County, Chicago in 1899; set precedent for original jurisdictionover delinquent and neglected minors.

How many states have legalized recreational reefer?

24 states and the District of Columbia

What model is used for problem solving in community-oriented policing?

SARA model; scan, analyze, response, answer

What is the purpose of restorative justice?

1. bring together community, victim, and offender

2. restore trust within the community

Who was responsible for security and screening prior to the creation of TSA?

Airlines and air force

When it comes to life in prison without parole for juvenile non-homicide offenses, what has USSC ruled?

Unconstitutional

How many states have gubernatorial hold? (not banned, but encouraged)

4 states

What item is considered “Super fake”?

Birkin

Key issue of Breed v. Jones.

Double jeopardy; re-convicted in adult court for same offense already convicted in juvenile court

Examples used for evidence-based policing.

1. increase policing research

2. translate to law enforcement audience

   1. hotspot policing, focus deterrence policing

      1. 80% criminals are responsible for 20% of offenses in 20% of places

This type of fraud occurs when a consumer surrenders money through depict or misrepresentation?

Consumer fraud

What gets counterfeited?

Literally everything

When was the federal death penalty issued?

1970; they’re have been 16 since 1988

What did In re Winship case (1970) address?

Case: 12-year-old boy, Samuel Winship, found guilty of stealing $112 from a woman’s purse based on reasonable doubt

Result: burden of proofs changes to beyond a reasonable doubt in acts of delinquency

What did Mckeiver v. Pennsylvania Case (1971) address?

Case: dealt with whether juveniles have constitutional right to a jury trial (argued that courts are meant to be more rehabilitative than punitive)

Result: requisition to jury trial denied

What did Breed v. Jones Case (1975) address?

Case: 17-year-old, Gary Jones, first adjudicated, then court tried to transfer him to adult criminal court for same offense

Result: USSC ruled a voilation of double jeopardy

What is juvenile nominal disposition?

Verbal warnings or stern reprimands and juvenile is releases to parents/guardian

What is juvenile conditional disposition?

Probationary options; youth must comply with certain conditions

What is juvenile custodial disposition?

Placed in secure or non-secure facility for a period of time'; last resort for serious offenders

What did Kent v. US (1966) address?

Focused on the transfer of juveniles to adult court; offenders who are violent, persistent, and chronic

What is the minimum age of transfer to adult court?

Varies across states; 14-years-old is the most popular, although 22 states have no minimum

In MI: 14-years-old for some crimes

What are the different types of white-collar crimes?

1. consumer fraud

2. insurance fraud

3. tax fraud

4. bribery, corruption, and political fraud

5. insider-related fraud

What is consumer fraud?

Consumer surrenders money through deceit or misrepresentation (i.e. advanced fee frauds, internet auction, bait and switch, phising)

What is insurance fraud?

Medical insurance fraud (i. e. false claims, double billing, miscoding, upcoding, fake companies)

What is tax fraud?

Defrauding the government of taxes due (i.e. fuel tax fraud; buying gas without tax and selling it for profit)

What is bribery, corruption, and political fraud?

Occurs at all levels of the government (i.e. campaign finance, black money, Blagojevich example; tried to buy off voter for Obama’s seat)

What is insider-related fraud?

Use and misuse of one’s position for pecuniary gain (i.e. Martha Stewart, employee-related theft, sale of confidential information)

What is brand protection?

The efforts if trademark owners to address the counterfeiting of their trademarked goods

What is anti-counterfeiting?

Umbrella term for all efforts to combat counterfeiting to include brand protections effort by owners, legislation, policy, law enforcement, and customer awareness

What are the harms of counterfeiting?

1. fake alcohol

2. fake cigarettes

3. fake lighters

4. fake pharmaceuticals

5. fake vaccines

6. Fake phone batteries

7. Fake condomz

What role could AI ave in the justice system?

1. thinks faster than humans and process quicker

2. predictive policing (caution with this approach)

3. reviewing case files

4. analysts

   1. surveillance

   2. writing formulas and codes

What role count virtual reality have the justice system?

1. immersive experience and VR simulators for training

   1. comprehension

   2. decision-making

   3. training efficiency

2. investigation crime

3. preparing for court

What is blockchain?

Technology that operates like a digital ledger or record book, storing information in a series of connected blocks that is incredibly secure and reliable; once data block is added to chain, it can not be removed

What is evidence-based policing?

Policies practices should be based on scientific evidence about wha works best (Sherman 1998)

What are the two main components of evidence-based policing?

1. increase in policing research: police driving the research and partnering with academics to find the answer

2. translation of research into formats that are accessible and easy for the working officer

What are two examples of evidence-based policing?

Hotspot policing (crime maps) and focused deterrence (effective planning, strategic enforcement and partnering, and follow-up)

What is community-oriented policing?

Establishing relationships and a foundation of trust between police and community they serve to understand the problems and gain cooperation legitimacyin addressing crime and public safety issues.

What model is used to problem solve to address issues ?

SARA Model; can, analyze, response, answerSARA Model; scanning, analysis, response, assessment

What is bail reform?

Focus on creating alternative to bail money; end systematic inequalities, and reduce the number of people detained before trial

What is Expungement?

Information about your involvement in the criminal justice system is removed from the database; destroyed or records sealed allowing only law enforcement to see

What does expungement in Michigan look like?

Application, MSP processes, AG’s office, hearing, and decision

Who are delinquent children?

Violate the criminal law

Who are dependent children?

No parents or guardians to care for them

Who are neglected children?

Do not receive proper care from guardian

Who are abused children?

Physical, emotional, (verbal,) or sexual abuse at hand of a caregiver

Who are status offenders?

Commit crimes that would not be considered illegal if they were an adult (i.e. running away or truancy)

What rights were awarded to juveniles in hearings that could result in commitment/conviction?

1. reasonable notice of charges

2. right to counsel

3. right to confront and cross-examine

4. right against self-incrimination and to remain silent