Attachment
Entry
Integration (depending on the virus)
Synthesis of viral components
Host cell enzymes such as DNA polymerase make many copies of the phage DNA and transcribe the genes within these copies into mRNA
In the case of HIV, the DNA provirus is not excised from the host chromosome. Instead, it is transcribed in the nucleus to produce many copies of viral RNA
Viral assembly
Some viruses self-assemble
Others are too complicated to self-assemble
Proteins modify capsid proteins or serve as scaffolding
Release
Phages must lyse their host cell to escape
Enveloped viruses bud from the host cell
Virus integrates into host genome and may remain dormant for long periods of time
Other viruses can exist as episomes
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