1.10 streptococcus (s. pneumoniae)

what did fredrick griffith discover when experimenting with s. pneumoniae?

he discovered the "transforming principal" in which heat-killed virulent bacteria could transform non-virulent bacteria into a virulent

can the strain of s. pneumoniae without a "shiny" capsule kill mice subjects?

no

what do staph. aureus and strep. pyogenes have in common?

A. they both produce coagulase

B. they both secrete catalase

C. both can cause toxic shock syndrome

D. both have protein G that binds to antibodies

E. all of the above are shared properties

C

strep contains protein ___. while staph contains protein ____

G; A

strep. pneumonia is frequently isolated from the ____ _____ ____. what age group is a common carrier of strep. pneumonia ?

upper respiratory tract; pre-school aged children

strep. pneumonia is most often the cause of ____ ______

otitis media (ear infection)

strep. pneumonia is the major cause of community-acquired ________. and common cause of _______ and _________ at all ages

pneumonia; bacteremia; meningitis

strep. pneumonia meningitis is most commonly found in what age group?

adults

strep. pneumonia falls into which group on the streptococci "tree"? what other strep class belongs in this group?

mitis; S. oralis

what type of hemolysis does strep. pneumonia present?

partial or no lysis of RBC's

what group of strep strains are more important clinically? (they can have a major effect on pts with endocarditis)

S. oralis, S. gordonii, S. sanguis, S. mitis

the viridans (or mitis group) is ______-hemolytic

alpha

what is the microscopic morphology of strep. pneumonia

gram + diplococci

what is the characteristic color of strep. pneumonia if a sputum sample is obtained?

red

similar to Staph. aureus, strep. pneumonia can travel through the blood stream leading to ________ and eventually _______ and ______ ________

bacteremia; endocarditis; septic arthritis

how would you diagnose strep. pneumonia?

gram stain, blood sample, sputum sample, CNS fluid

can you diagnose or obtain a sample via throat swab?

no

previously strep. pneumonia was very sensitive to _______ however resistance is increasing. What might be given instead?

penicillin; augmentin

what is the major virulance factor of strep. pneumonia

capsule

the polysaccharide capsule has multiple different _______ which allow it to have varying _________

serotypes; virulance

strep. pneumonia produces an exotoxin called _______.

pneumolysin

Pneumolysin is a _____-______ _____ that is only expressed in an _______ environment

oxygen-labile hemolysin; anaerobic

is strep. pneumonia catalase + or -

- (air is irrelevant)

how does strep. pneumonia interact with antibodies?

degrades IgA1 antibody

(IgA is the mucosal antibody)

does strep. pneumonia have vaccines?

yes

what is unique about strep. pneumonia vaccines?

it can include or vaccinate for multiple different capsule types

what was the main issue with the old strep. pneumonia vaccine?

it had little to no response in children under 2yr

how is the new strep. pneumonia vaccine different?

it protects against 7-13 most common capsule types via a conjugated protein