Interviewing Skills II Test 2

To confront inconsistencies in behaviour, thoughts, feelings, or meanings. Help clients surpass their challenges to realize their full potential; acting as a facilitator for instigating change

What is a Major Function of The Skill of Confrontation?

(1) Listen and Observe, (2), Summarize and clarify; (3), Evaluate client response; flex intentionality.

What are the Three (3) Steps to Empathetic Confrontation?

False: Perls coined the term “Stuckness”

True or False: Fritz Perls was observed using a type of confrontation called "Gentle/ Empathic Confrontation"?

(1) Internal conflicts; (2) Discrepancies between two statements; (3) Discrepancies in goals.

What are Three (3) Types of Discrepancies a Client May Present Within a Counselling Session?

True: This method allows the client to struggle with the contradiction and involves listening to the client’s story, saying nothing.

True or False: Silence is one way a counsellor can respond by implementing the skill of confrontation.

Part of “Step One” on the Client Change Scale—Confrontation, includes:

Identifying a contradiction or discrepancy

Supportive/ Empathetic Confrontation

What type of confrontation is recommended for use w/ most clients?

"My life today is even better than I ever could have imagined. I’m healthier, more confident, my marital relationship is better than ever, and I have you to thank for challenging and supporting me in making all of these changes," said James, your client.

Where would you place James on the client change scale?

Transcendence

Your client Bella says “I guess I do have mixed feelings about it. I certainly do feel hurt about the marriage. I hurt, but now I realize how angry I am.”

Where would you place Bella on the CCS?

Acceptance and Recognition

Reflection of Meaning

The skill ( ) stems from the client’s worldview.

Interpretation/Reframe

The Skill of ( ) is from the Interviewer's Perspective.

False: "So, you’ve been evaluating your lifestyle and considering if this career path is suitable for you. Am I understanding you correctly?" is an example of a paraphrase.

True or False: The following is an example of reflecting meaning

“So, you’ve been thinking about your lifestyle and wondering if this career path is a “fit” for you. Am I hearing you correctly?”

The process in which a counsellor brings two or more ideas together to provide new insight (i.e., past and present).

Define “Linking” as it relates to Interpretation/Reframe.

Who is Victor Frankl?

The Main Theorist responsible for Logo-therapy

Define "Discernment" as a skill and provide an example question to assess this.

Can be defined as: the process of sifting through experiences to determine origin.

Ex. (1): “Can you tell me a story that relates to your goals/vision/mission?”

(2): “What are some blocks and impediments to your mission? What holds you back?”

Define/Describe De-reflection

A strategy used to help clients shift from negative to positive outlooks while seeking deeper meaning; focusing on reframing or interpreting experiences rather than directly reflecting them.

What are (2) Two Multicultural Factors that a counsellor should Consider when using: The Skill Reflection of Meaning?

(1) Cultural influences in meaning-making; (2) Individual differences.

How clients interpret and understand both their internal and external experiences.

When employing a cognitive behavioural approach, the skill of reflecting on meaning would primarily focus on…?

(1) “What does this mean to you?” (2) “What sense do you make of it?” (3); “Which of your values support/oppose that action/thought/feeling?’

What are Three (3) Examples of Questions Asked to Discover Underlying Meaning?

True: Positive Reframe/ Most Useful

True or False: The following is an example of an Interpretation/Reframe

“Charlis, what stands out to me at this moment is your self-awareness and how this unfortunate experience has inspired you to re-evaluate priorities and find new, more comfortable directions.”

To Elicit Meaning 

The Reflection of Meaning Means:

To encourage the client to explore deeply held thoughts influenced by specific experiences and determine the meaning of these feelings through questions and reframing. The goal is for the client to investigate these feelings and derive personal significance from them.

Define Reflection of Meaning/ Interpretation of Meaning

Focus: Clients Behaviour

What is the Micro Skill “Attending Behaviour and Observation ”; what does it focus on? 

Focus: Clients Thoughts

What is the Micro Skill “Paraphrase”; what does it focus on? 

Focus: Clients Feelings

What is the Micro Skill “Reflection of Feeling”; what does it focus on? 

Focus: Client View/Making Meaning

What is the Micro Skill “Reflection of Meaning”; what does it focus on? 

To support client to envision their future as a “journey into meaning” (Transcendence)

What is the Definition of Discernment?

Denial, Partial Acceptance, Acceptance and Recognition, Generation of a New Solution and Transcendence.

The Acronym (D. P. A. G. T) Stands For?…

Denial: The client denies or fails to hear that an incongruity or mixed message occurs

The Client Change Scale CCS: Level 1 Denial

Partial Acceptance: The client may address part of the issue but neglect the other aspects of the mixed message, often due to bargaining and anger.

The Client Change Scale CCS: Level 2

Acceptance and Recognition: The client may acknowledge the discrepancy but fail to initiate a resolution.

The Client Change Scale CCS: Level 3

Generation of a New Solution: By creating a new solution, the client moves beyond recognition of the discrepancy and integrates things in a new and productive way.

The Client Change Scale CCS: Level 4

Transcendence: The development of new, larger, and more inclusive constructs, patterns, or behaviours; recognizing the discrepancy and generating new, larger, and more inclusive thought patterns and behaviours to cope with the discrepancy.

The Client Change Scale CCS: Level 5

To observe and identify the responses on the five levels of the CIS (CCS) in the current moment. Utilize positive asset search to assist clients in recognizing their strengths and facilitate their progress toward positive change.

What is Basic Competence

Involves helping clients change how they discuss a problem, moving them to higher levels of the CIS (Client Issue Scale), rating client responses, and addressing client responses inferred from the CIS and CCS (Client Change Scale).

What is Intentional Competence

What is the most Influential Micro Skill?

Confrontation

To note discrepancies in the client, feeding them back via attending skills.

What is the Primary Purpose of Confrontation?

(1) To confront and resolve discrepancies, such as behaviour, thoughts, feelings, or meanings, (2) help clients move beyond their issues to realize their full potential as human beings by increasing congruence (3); Identify client change processes in the interview and throughout treatment

What are the Major Functions of Confrontation?

What are the Three (3) Steps to Challenging and Supporting Clients?

(1) Listen, observe, and make note of any conflicts, discrepancies, or mixed messages. (2) Use confrontation skills, such as paraphrasing and reflecting feelings, to address internal and external discrepancies. (3) Evaluate the client's response and determine if it leads to any progress or change.

Confrontation can take on many forms, including:

(1) Supportive/ Empathic Confrontation (Gentle), (2) Silence, (3) Questioning and Elaboration Direct Challenge; (4) Not Confronting 

Primary purpose of Confrontation 

To help clients perceive themselves and reality more clearly by unveiling hidden emotions and unrecognized behaviors

(1) “What does this mean to you?” (2), “What sense do you make of it?” (3) “How have your values been implemented?” (4) “What is important (unimportant) to you?”

What are some Examples of Questions used to Elicit Reflection of Meaning?

False: No, it is not linear.

True or False: Does the Client Change Scale (CCS) go in order of Levels?

What is Hyper-reflection

Also referred to as “neurosis,” it is the process in which individuals focus more on themselves than their goals, hindering their ability to achieve those goals. (Frankl)

What are the anticipated results of Reflection of Meaning? 

(1) The client will discuss stories, issues, and concerns in more depth, emphasizing deeper meaning. (2) The client may be enabled to discern life goals and a vision for the future. 

Anticipated results of Interpretation/Reframe

The client may explore values and goals in life and understand his or her own experience in a new light.

If an interviewer asks about the value of school and what it means to keep going despite your loss; what are they reflecting?

Meaning

False: The skills of Confrontation and Reflection of Meaning are not a part of the (BLS) Sequence.

True or False: The skills of Confrontation and Reflection of Meaning are a part of the (BLS) Sequence.

True: We Are

True Or False: We are all “Meaning Makers”

Resistance/ Emerging Stage

Cultural Identity: At what stage might a client experience anger towards the dominant culture?