Colonial America Review Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes about colonial America

What were some of the key impacts of the Columbian Exchange initiated by the Spanish?

Introduction of horses, social changes for tribes, spread of diseases, and new goods like wheat and cattle leading to economic changes.

What was the Encomienda system?

A labor system implemented by the Spanish that exploited Native populations for plantation and mining labor.

What motivated Spanish colonizers in the Americas?

Gold, God, and Glory - primarily gold and conversion to Christianity.

How did French and Dutch colonizers approach relationships with Native populations?

They relied on trading and building relationships, exchanging furs and trade goods with Europeans.

What were the primary motivations for English colonizers coming to America?

Social mobility, economic opportunity (cash crops like tobacco and cotton), and religious freedom (Puritans and Pilgrims).

Name the colonies that comprised the Southern Region.

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.

Which colonies made up the Chesapeake Region, and what was their primary cash crop?

Virginia and Maryland; tobacco.

Why did the Southern colonies transition from Indentured Servants to African Slavery?

Due to events like Bacon’s Rebellion which highlighted the instability of indentured servitude.

Which colonies defined the Middle Colonies, and what were their characteristics?

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware; known for cereal crops and diversity with a lot of exporting.

What colonies comprised the New England region, and what were their characteristics?

New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut; primarily Puritans with mixed agriculture and trading economies.

What were the causes and outcomes of King Phillip’s War?

Caused by land and resource disputes between the English and Natives; it resulted in significant conflict and loss of life on both sides.

What was the Pueblo Revolt and its outcome?

A revolt by Native populations against Spanish rule, resulting in the Spanish being temporarily expelled for 13 years.

What was the Great Awakening's main impact?

Rise in religious belief

What is Anglicization, and what caused it?

Developing autonomous political communities based on English models, influenced by print culture and protestant evangelicalism.

What led to the Seven Years' War?

British colonies expanding westward, conflicting interests with Indians and French traders.

What was the Proclamation Line of 1763, and why was it established?

A line established by the British to prevent colonists from moving westward after the Seven Years' War.

What financial pressures did Britain face after the Seven Years' War?

Britain was broke, leading to heavy taxation of the colonies to pay for the war.

What is virtual representation?

The idea that the British crown represented the colonies, even without direct colonial representatives.

What is republicanism?

An ideology shaping early revolution, emphasizing citizen participation.

What British policies caused the American Revolution?

Lack of colonial representation in government, taxation without consent (Stamp Act, Townshend Act), and aggressive acts like the Boston Tea Party and Boston Massacre.

What was the significance of the First Continental Congress?

A meeting of colonial leaders to discuss grievances against the British, marking a significant step towards unified colonial action.