The Political and Economic Foundations of European Integration

These flashcards cover the key concepts of European integration's political and economic foundations, as discussed in the provided lecture notes.

According to Milward, which of the following best describes the characteristics of European nation-states during the interwar years?

A) Crisis of legitimacy, inability to meet majority needs, mass hunger and unemployment, political instability, and strikes for better conditions.
B) Strong central governments, robust economies, and a high degree of political stability.
C) Successful implementation of welfare states and equitable wealth distribution.
D) Extensive international collaboration leading to lasting peace.

Milward identified which of the following as key needs for the post-war nation-state?

A) A broader political consensus and the need to address the needs of more citizens, including trade unions and low and middle income people.
B) Re-establishment of colonial empires to secure economic resources.
C) Strict adherence to pre-war economic models and political structures.
D) Withdrawal from international agreements to prioritize national interests.

Which statement best describes the economic landscape of Europe from 1945 to 1968?

A) Characterized by regulated capitalism and social democracy, unprecedented economic growth, increased GDP, near full employment, and rising worker incomes.
B) A period of economic stagnation, high unemployment, and declining worker incomes.
C) Predominantly laissez-faire capitalism with minimal government intervention.
D) Shifting towards command economies similar to the Soviet bloc.

During the period from 1945 to 1968, what were the implications regarding taxation and investment in Europe?

A) High taxation and wealth redistribution, coupled with significant investments in health, education, and welfare.
B) Reduced taxation and an emphasis on private sector-led development with minimal public spending.
C) Prioritization of military spending over social welfare programs by most nations.
D) Implementation of austerity measures and significant cuts to public services.

Which of the following was a primary cause of the 1970s economic recession in Europe?

A) The end of the post-war boom, collapse of Bretton Woods, oil embargo, falling GDP, increased unemployment, and lower income growth.
B) A sudden increase in demand for European goods creating inflationary pressures.
C) Introduction of new trade barriers among European nations.
D) Widespread political uprisings leading to government instability.

Milward argued that the main drivers for European integration included which of the following?

A) Peace between France and Germany, economic opportunities, customs union, free trade, and sustaining full employment.
B) The desire to re-establish colonial dominance and expand overseas territories.
C) Imposing protectionist policies to shield national industries from foreign competition.
D) Reducing social welfare programs to boost economic competitiveness.

Milward's concept of the 'European rescue of the nation-state' refers to which idea?

A) The surrender of some national sovereignty in exchange for greater legitimacy and economic growth to better respond to citizens' needs.
B) The complete dissolution of national governments in favor of a single European superstate.
C) Military intervention by European powers to stabilize individual nation-states.
D) The rejection of international cooperation in favor of strong nationalistic policies.

According to Hansen, what is a flaw in Europe's narrative of post-war peace?

A) It co-exists with violence abroad and excludes colonialism and associated territories.
B) It accurately reflects a period of universal peace without any external conflicts.
C) It overemphasizes economic prosperity as the sole driver for peace.
D) It fails to acknowledge the role of internal social conflicts in shaping the post-war era.

Hansen attributed Western Europe's integration after WWII to which of these factors?

A) Peace between France and Germany, decolonization leading to legitimacy crises, inability to compete alone, and the need for a counterweight to the U.S. and USSR.
B) The ambition for a single European military alliance to dominate global affairs.
C) A complete rejection of previous colonial ties and no engagement in associated territories.
D) A collective desire to reduce trade among member states and protect national markets.

According to Hansen, how did Europe aim to manage decolonization?

A) By collectively managing decolonization, utilizing the EC as a substitute for empire to ensure European neocolonialism.
B) By completely abandoning all former colonial territories without any further involvement.
C) Through isolated national efforts, avoiding any collective European approach.
D) By establishing entirely new, independent economic partnerships with former colonies on equal terms.

Based on the notes, what were the principal motives for post-war European integration?

A) Peace, economic growth, identity, legitimacy, and power.
B) Establishing a unified European military command and empire.
C) Isolating European economies from global markets.
D) Reverting to pre-war nationalistic policies and structures.