APPLIED (PL) - H3 (meow)

E-commerce

It involves the use of the Internet, the World Wide Web (or simply Web), and mobile apps and browsers running on mobile devices to transact business.

E-commerce

It can be defined as “digitally enabled commercial transactions between and among organizations and individuals.”

Digitally enabled transactions

It include all transactions mediated by digital technology, i.e., transactions that occur over the Internet, the Web, and/or via mobile devices.

Commercial transactions

It involve the exchange of value (such as money) across organizations or individuals in return for products and services.

Exchange of value

It is important because without this, no commerce occurs (Laudon & Traver, 2017).

Internet

It is a worldwide network of computer networks built on common standards.

Internet

It links businesses, educational institutions, government agencies, and individuals together, and provides users with services such as e-mail, document transfer, shopping, research, instant messaging, music, videos, and news.

World Wide Web

It is an information system that runs on the Internet infrastructure.

World Wide Web

It was the original “killer app” that made the Internet commercially interesting and extraordinarily popular.

World Wide Web

It provides access to billions of Web pages indexed by Google and other search engines.

World Wide Web

Before the Web, the Internet was used mainly for text communications, file transfers, and remote computing.

The Web introduced more powerful and commercially interesting capabilities with direct relevance to commerce.

True

Before the Web, the Internet was used mainly for text communications, file transfers, and remote computing. The Web introduced more powerful and commercially interesting capabilities with direct relevance to commerce.

World Wide Web

It added color, voice, and video to the Internet, creating a communications infrastructure and information storage system.

Mobile platform

It provides the ability to access the Internet from a variety of mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets, and other ultra-lightweight laptop computers via wireless networks or cell phone service.

Mobile platform

An app (short for application) is a software application, which is typically used when referring to mobile applications, although it is sometimes used to refer to desktop computer applications as well.

App

is a software application, which is typically used when referring to mobile applications, although it is sometimes used to refer to desktop computer applications as well.

Mobile browser

is a version of Web browser software accessed via a mobile device.

Mobile platform

A mobile browser is a version of Web browser software accessed via a mobile device.

Business-to-Consumer (B2C) E-Commerce

It is the most common type of e-commerce that most consumers are likely to encounter.

Business-to-Consumer (B2C) E-Commerce

It is where online businesses attempt to reach individual consumers.

Business-to-Consumer (B2C) E-Commerce

It includes purchases of retail goods, travel and other types of service, and online content.

Business-to-Business (B2B) E-Commerce

It is the largest form of e-commerce in which businesses focus on selling to other businesses.

Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) E-Commerce

It provides a way for consumers to sell to each other with the help of an online market maker (also called a platform provider) such as eBay and Etsy or an on demand service company such as Airbnb.

Online market maker (also called a platform provider)

such as eBay and Etsy or an on demand service company such as Airbnb.

Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) E-Commerce

In this type of e-commerce, the consumer prepares the product for market, places the product for auction or sale, and relies on the market maker to provide catalog, search engine, and transaction-clearing capabilities so that products can be easily displayed, discovered, and paid for.

Mobile E-Commerce (M-Commerce)

It refers to the use of mobile devices to enable online transactions, which involves using cellular and wireless networks to connect smartphones and tablet computers to the Internet. Once connected, mobile consumers can purchase products and services, make travel reservations, access online content, and much more.

Social E-Commerce

It is enabled by social networks and online social relationships.

Social E-Commerce

The growth of this is driven by several factors, including the increasing popularity of social sign-on (signing onto websites using Facebook or other social network IDs) and social search (recommendations from online trusted friends) and the increasing prevalence of integrated social commerce tools such as buy buttons, shopping tabs, and virtual shops on Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, and other social networking sites.

Social E-Commerce

It is often intertwined with m-commerce, particularly as more and more social network users access those networks via mobile devices.

Social E-Commerce

A variation of it known as conversational commerce controls the mobile connection even further. It involves the use of mobile messaging apps such as Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp, Snapchat, Slack, and others as a vehicle for companies to engage with consumers.

Conversational commerce

It controls the mobile connection even further. It involves the use of mobile messaging apps such as Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp, Snapchat, Slack, and others as a vehicle for companies to engage with consumers.

Business model

is a set of planned activities or business processes designed to result in a profit in a marketplace.

Business model

An e-commerce this model aims to use and control the unique qualities of the Internet, the Web, and the mobile platform.

E-tailers

Online retail stores, often called (?), are similar to the traditional storefront, except the customers only have to connect to the Internet or use their smartphone to place an order.

E-tailers

Some of this are subsidiaries or divisions of existing physical stores and carry the same products. Others, however, operate only in the virtual world without any ties to physical locations.

E-tailers

Examples of these are wine.com (online liquor store), airasia.com (AirAsia airline), and hyatt.com (Hyatt Hotels Corporation).

Community Providers

They create an online environment where people with similar interests can transact (buy and sell goods); share interests, photos, and videos; communicate with like-minded people; receive interest-related information; and even play out fantasies by adapting personalities called avatars.

Community Providers

Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, and Pinterest, and hundreds of other social networks all offer community building tools and services.

Content Providers

They distribute information content, such as digital video, music, photos, text, and artwork.

Content Providers

These can make money via different revenue models, including advertising, subscription fees, and sales of digital goods.

Content Providers

For example, in the case of music streaming services, such as Spotify and Apple Music, users can stream millions of music by paying a monthly subscription fee.

Portals

such as Google, Yahoo, MSN, and AOL offer users powerful search tools, as well as an integrated package of content and services, such as news, e-mail, instant messaging, calendars, shopping, music downloads, video streaming, and more, all in one place.

Portals

These generate revenue by charging advertisers for ad placement and collecting referral fees for steering customers to other sites.

Transaction Brokers

These are companies that process transactions normally handled in person, by phone, or by mail on behalf of consumers.

Transaction Brokers

The largest industries using this model are financial services, travel services, and job placement services.

Transaction Brokers

They make money each time a transaction occurs.

Transaction Brokers

Travel sites generate commissions from travel bookings, and job sites generate listing fees from employers upfront rather than charging a fee when a position is filled.

Transaction Brokers

Examples of transaction brokers include Expedia, Travelocity, Orbitz, and Monster.

Market Creators

They build a digital environment in which buyers and sellers can meet, display and search for products and services, and establish prices.

Market Creators

They make money by either charging a percentage of every transaction made or charging merchants for access to the market.

Market Creators

The main examples are Priceline, an online travel agency that allows consumers to set the price they are willing to pay for various travel accommodations and other products, and eBay, an online auction site utilized by both businesses and consumers.

Priceline

an online travel agency that allows consumers to set the price they are willing to pay for various travel accommodations and other products.

eBay

an online auction site utilized by both businesses and consumers.

Service Providers

These entities offer services online and use a variety of revenue models.

Service Providers

Some charge a fee or monthly subscriptions, while others generate revenue from other sources such as through advertising.

Service Providers

Some examples of service providers include VisaNow (visausanow.com, provider of online immigration services – United States visas), GCash (an app that allows a user to pay bills, purchase goods and services, and send or receive money), and RocketLawyer (an online legal technology company).

VisaNow

provider of online immigration services – United States visas

GCash

An app that allows a user to pay bills, purchase goods and services, and send or receive money.

RocketLawyer

an online legal technology company.

E-distributors

These are companies that supply products and services directly to individual businesses.

E-distributors

These are owned by one (1) company seeking to serve many customers.

E-distributors

With this model, the more products and services a company makes available, the more attractive it is to potential customers.

E-distributors

An example is Grainger (grainger.com), which is a large distributor of maintenance, repair, and operations (MRO) supplies.

Grainger

which is a large distributor of maintenance, repair, and operations (MRO) supplies.

E-distributors

The platforms of this include websites and mobile apps that make ordering fast and easy.

E-procurement

(?) firms create and sell access to digital markets.

E-procurement

For example, Ariba (ariba.com) has created a software that helps large firms to organize their procurement process by creating mini-digital markets for a single firm. The company creates custom-integrated online catalogs (where supplier firms can list their offerings) for purchasing firms. On the sell side, Ariba helps vendors sell to large purchasers by providing software to handle catalog creation, shipping, insurance, and finance. Both the buy and sell side software is referred to as value chain management software.

Ariba

It has created a software that helps large firms to organize their procurement process by creating mini-digital markets for a single firm.

Ariba

The company creates custom-integrated online catalogs (where supplier firms can list their offerings) for purchasing firms.

Ariba

It helps vendors sell to large purchasers by providing software to handle catalog creation, shipping, insurance, and finance. Both the buy and sell side software is referred to as value chain management software.

Value chain management software

Both the buy and sell side software.

Exchanges

These are independent digital marketplaces where hundreds of suppliers meet a smaller number of large commercial purchasers.

Exchanges

They generate revenue by charging a commission or fee based on the size of the transactions conducted among trading parties.

Exchanges

For B2B buyers, this make it possible to gather information, check out suppliers, collect prices, and be up to date on the latest happenings all in one place. Sellers, on the other hand, benefit from expanded access to buyers.

Exchanges

TravelB2BHub (travelb2bhub.com) is an example of an exchange hub that helps travel companies, hoteliers, and event planners to buy or sell tourism services to each other and to end consumers in India.

TravelB2BHub

is an example of an exchange hub that helps travel companies, hoteliers, and event planners to buy or sell tourism services to each other and to end consumers in India.

Industry Consortia

These are industry-owned vertical marketplaces that serve specific industries such as automobile, aerospace, chemical, floral, or logging.

Vertical marketplaces

Supply a smaller number of companies with products and services of specific interest to their industry.

Industry Consortia

Vertical marketplaces supply a smaller number of companies with products and services of specific interest to their industry. In contrast, horizontal marketplaces sell specific products and services to a wide range of companies.

Horizontal marketplaces

sell specific products and services to a wide range of companies.

Industry Consortia

They supply companies in different industries with a particular type of product and service, such as marketing-related, financial, or computing services.

Industry Consortia

An example of this is Avendra (avendra.com), which is the leading hospitality procurement services provider in North America and the Caribbean formed by Marriott International, Hyatt Hotels, ClubCorp. USA, Inc., InterContinental Hotel Group, and Fairmont Hotels and Resorts.

Avendra

which is the leading hospitality procurement services provider in North America and the Caribbean formed by Marriott International, Hyatt Hotels, ClubCorp. USA, Inc., InterContinental Hotel Group, and Fairmont Hotels and Resorts.

Private Industrial Networks

These are sometimes referred to as private trading exchanges.

Private Industrial Networks

These are digital networks designed to coordinate the flow of communications among firms engaged in business together.

Private Industrial Networks

The network is owned by a single large purchasing firm.

Private Industrial Networks

Participation is by invitation to trusted long-term suppliers of direct inputs only.

Participation

is by invitation to trusted long-term suppliers of direct inputs only.

Private Industrial Networks

These networks typically evolve out of a firm’s own enterprise resource planning (ERP) system and are an effort to include key suppliers in the firm’s own business decision making.

Private Industrial Networks

For example, Walmart (walmart.com) operates one of the largest private industrial networks in the world for its suppliers that use Walmart’s network daily to monitor the sales of their goods, the status of shipments, and the actual inventory level of their goods.

Walmart

Operates one of the largest private industrial networks in the world for its suppliers that use Walmart’s network daily to monitor the sales of their goods, the status of shipments, and the actual inventory level of their goods.

Objective of online marketing

is to build customer relationships so that a firm can achieve above-average returns both by offering superior products and services and by communicating the brand’s features to the consumer.

Website

A business’ website is a major tool for establishing an initial relationship with the customer.

Business’ website

is a major tool for establishing an initial relationship with the customer.

Website

Its first function is to establish a brand’s identity by identifying for the consumer the differentiating features of a business’ product or service in terms of quality, price, product support, and reliability.

Website

It also functions as an anchor for a firm’s other web marketing activities.

Website

It acts as a central point where all the branding messages that come from its digital presence, such as Facebook, Twitter, mobile apps, or e-mail, come together at a single location.

Website

A (?) with its online catalogs and associated shopping carts is an important element of the online customer experience.

Search engine marketing

It refers to the use of search engines to build and sustain brands.

Search engine marketing

Search engines are often thought of as mostly direct sales channels focused on making sales in response to advertisements.