Section 12-1 – The Fungi Section 2-1 – Ubiquity study guide

Saprophytes (saprobes)
- Mycelium Hyphae (singular: hypha)
• Dimorphic fungi
• Ubiquitous

Organism can be found just about everywhere (i.e., could be isolated from soil, water, air, plants, and animals)
o E.g., bacteria

Host - biotic (alive)

Organism in which smaller organisms (or viruses) live, feed and reproduce

Reservoir - either biotic or abiotic

Natural habitat or host of a pathogen; serves as a potential source of infection; may be non-living (soil, water) or living (human or other organism)

Mutualism

Both benefit (+/+) from the relationship

Commensalism

One benefits and the other is unaffected (+/0) by the relationship

Parasitism

One benefits and the other is affected (+/-) by the relationship

Opportunistic Pathogens

cause disease when the host's defenses are compromised or when they grow in part of the body that is not natural to them

Unicellular Yeasts NCLUDES WHICH WHAT

Candida albicans
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- Aspergillus niger
- Penicillium notatum
- Rhizopus stolonifer

» Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Used in production of bread, wine, and beer

Filamentous Molds

Form hyphae
» Individual fungal filaments
» Collectively form a mycelium (mat of hyphae) - SEXUAL and ASEXUAL forms of reproduction

Aspergillus niger

Causes fungus ball in lungs (pulmonary aspergillosis)

Penicillium notatum

source of antibiotic penicillin

Rhizopus stolonifer

bread mold

Types of ASEXUAL SPORES:

Sporangiospores • Conidiospores
o 3 types: arthrospores, blastospores, and chlamydospores

Types of SEXUAL SPORES:

Ascospores • Basidiospores
• Zygospores

WAT THIS

saccharomyces cerevisiae – (commonly known as Brewer’s yeast) IMAGE!!!!!!

this what

Candida albicans IMAGE

image here is wat dude

Aspergillus niger – conidiophore IMAGGEE

LOOK HERE DUDE

Penicillium notatum –conidiophore image

o Unicellular Yeasts

Have a round or oval shape - May have sexual and asexual reproductive cycles, but most common mode of vegetative growth is ASEXUAL reproduction by budding

Filamentous Molds INCLUDE WHAT

Aspergillus niger

Penicillium notatum

Rhizopus stolonifer

NOTE TO KNOW

dimorphic fungi have both mold and yeast life-cycles stages

Macrofungi

filamentous fungi that produce fleshy reproductive structures – mushrooms, puffballs, and shelf fungi

Hyphae

individual fungal filaments

Mycelium

Collective fungal filaments

Dematiaceous fungi –

hyphae that are darkly pigmented

Hyaline/moniliaceous fungi –

– unpigmented hyphae

Septate

hyphae whose walls are separate adjacent cells

Nonseptate

– hyphae whose walls are absent

Plasmogamy

fusion of cytoplasm

Karyogamy

joining of nuclei

Arthrospores

produced when a hypha breaks

Chlamydospores (chlamydoconidia)

formed at the end of some hyphae and are a resting stage