If you are not in 5th bell ap chem

ap chem unit 1 flashcards

PES (Photoelectron spectroscopy)

Uses: X-Ray (0.001 nm to 1nm), Measures: Electron Binding Energy, Uses high energy X-ray photons to eject an electron from an atom to find out its binding energy. The binding energy is then used to find out electron configuration.

UV-Visible Spectroscopy

Uses UV-Visible (200 to 800nm), Use: Electron transition, Electrons absorb UV or Visible light and go from ground to excited state. Beer’s Law: The absorbance of colored aqueous solutions are measured. The relationship between a fixed wavelength and absorbance is then found to determine concentration. Flame tests: Electrons absorb photons, go to an excited state, then fall back and release distinct photons in the visible or uv range.

IR Spectroscopy

Use: Infared (10³ - 10^8 nm), Measures: bond vibrations, IR radiation has enough energy to excite the molecular vibrations. Specific covalent bonds start vibrating harder at different frequencies. This is used to learn about the bonds and other characteristics of organic molecules.

Microwave Spectroscopy

Uses: Microwaves (0.001m-1m), Measures: molecular rotation, since microwave radiation has lower energy, it can only cause polar molecules to rotate. This helps determine the interactions between molecules like IMF’s and geometry of molecules.

Mass Spectrometry

Uses: particles are ionized and sent through a magnetic field, and heavier partiles and deflected less. Measures: atomic mass. This technique determines the abundance and relative mass of isotopies for an element. Also separates mixtures based on differences in molar mass.