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What theories did scientists believe?
abiogenesis and biogenesis
abiogenesis
living things arise from nonliving things
biogenesis
living things arise from living things of their same kind
Lewis Pasteur
Who disproved the theory of spontaneous generation? the "father of microbiology"
The five I's
Inoculation
Incubation
Isolation
Inspection
Identification
inspection
observation of characteristics/data
inoculation
method of transferring organisms
incubation
method of growing microbe in proper condition
Isolation
selection of single type of colony with single kind of microbe growing
identification
using characteristics/data to ID organism to exact species
transmission microscope
shows an image of the inside of an organism
scanning microscope
only shows the outside of the organism; produces 3D image
gram positive
thick layer of peptidoglycan (purple)
gram negative
single thin sheet of peptidoglycan
staphylococcus or micrococci
irregular clusters
Streptococcus
chain of cocci
flagella
moves around
Fimbriae
brush border for adhesion
Conjugation
A temporary union of two organisms for the purpose of DNA transfer.
pilli
conjugation (right)
sporulation
endured by environmental factors
Edospores
resist extremes of heat, drying, freezing, radiation and chemicals that would kill off vegetative cells
acellular
nonliving
prion
infectious agent made up of protein
virus
infectious agent made up of nucleic acid surrounded protein coat
cellular
ribosome, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and DNA as their genetic material
akaryotes
almost all are unicellular cells that lack a nucleus and internal membrane
2 types of akaryotes
bacteria and archaeons
eukaryotes
single and multicellular that has a nucleus and a internal membrane
3 types of eukaryotes
protozoans, fungi, helminths
Francesco redi (1668)
Showed maggots do not arise from decaying meat (disproving spontaneous generation theory)
Ferdinand Cohn
discovered and described heat-resistant endospores
Oliver Wendell Holmes
he noted that moms who gave birth at home experienced less infections than those who gave birth in a hospital
Ignaz Semmelweis
was the one about letting doctors examine expectant mothers directly after performing an autopsy
Robert Koch
was able to identify and culture the causativeagent for the disease anthrax
selective media
contains one or more agents that inhibit growth of some microbes and encourage growth of the desired microbes
how do you speed up isolation?
by surprising unwanted background organisms and favoring the growth of desired ones
differentiates acid fast
pink
non acid fast bacteria
blue
Bacillus anthracis
Anthrax
Clostridium tetani
causes tetanus
Clostridium perfringens
causes gas gangrene
Clostridium botulinum
causes botulism
Clostridium difficile
a serious gastrointestinal disease
Joseph Lister
discovered how antiseptics prevented infection