Chapter Quiz 1

What theories did scientists believe?

abiogenesis and biogenesis

abiogenesis

living things arise from nonliving things

biogenesis

living things arise from living things of their same kind

Lewis Pasteur

Who disproved the theory of spontaneous generation? the "father of microbiology"

The five I's

Inoculation
Incubation
Isolation
Inspection
Identification

inspection

observation of characteristics/data

inoculation

method of transferring organisms

incubation

method of growing microbe in proper condition

Isolation

selection of single type of colony with single kind of microbe growing

identification

using characteristics/data to ID organism to exact species

transmission microscope

shows an image of the inside of an organism

scanning microscope

only shows the outside of the organism; produces 3D image

gram positive

thick layer of peptidoglycan (purple)

gram negative

single thin sheet of peptidoglycan

staphylococcus or micrococci

irregular clusters

Streptococcus

chain of cocci

flagella

moves around

Fimbriae

brush border for adhesion

Conjugation

A temporary union of two organisms for the purpose of DNA transfer.

pilli

conjugation (right)

sporulation

endured by environmental factors

Edospores

resist extremes of heat, drying, freezing, radiation and chemicals that would kill off vegetative cells

acellular

nonliving

prion

infectious agent made up of protein

virus

infectious agent made up of nucleic acid surrounded protein coat

cellular

ribosome, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and DNA as their genetic material

akaryotes

almost all are unicellular cells that lack a nucleus and internal membrane

2 types of akaryotes

bacteria and archaeons

eukaryotes

single and multicellular that has a nucleus and a internal membrane

3 types of eukaryotes

protozoans, fungi, helminths

Francesco redi (1668)

Showed maggots do not arise from decaying meat (disproving spontaneous generation theory)

Ferdinand Cohn

discovered and described heat-resistant endospores

Oliver Wendell Holmes

he noted that moms who gave birth at home experienced less infections than those who gave birth in a hospital

Ignaz Semmelweis

was the one about letting doctors examine expectant mothers directly after performing an autopsy

Robert Koch

was able to identify and culture the causativeagent for the disease anthrax

selective media

contains one or more agents that inhibit growth of some microbes and encourage growth of the desired microbes

how do you speed up isolation?

by surprising unwanted background organisms and favoring the growth of desired ones

differentiates acid fast

pink

non acid fast bacteria

blue

Bacillus anthracis

Anthrax

Clostridium tetani

causes tetanus

Clostridium perfringens

causes gas gangrene

Clostridium botulinum

causes botulism

Clostridium difficile

a serious gastrointestinal disease

Joseph Lister

discovered how antiseptics prevented infection