AP US History Unit 1 Review

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from the AP US History Unit 1 lecture.

Native American societies before European arrival

Diverse people with diverse societies based on their environments.

Pueblo people

Farmers in present-day Utah and Colorado known for advanced irrigation systems and cliff dwellings.

Ute people

Nomadic hunter-gatherers in the Great Basin and Great Plains regions.

Pacific Coast Native Americans

Developed permanent settlements due to abundant resources, like the Chumash and Chinook peoples.

Iroquois people

Farmers who lived communally in longhouses constructed from timber.

Cahokia

Civilization in the Mississippi River Valley known for its large population and centralized government led by chieftains.

Growing wealthy upper class in Europe

A result of political unification and stronger states led by monarchs.

Europeans

Sought sea-based routes for trade, pioneered by Portugal.

Maritime

Having to do with the sea.

New Maritime Technology

Smaller, faster ships using technologies like the Latin sail and stern post rudder to help ships navigate more accurately.

Christopher Columbus

Italian sailor sponsored by Spain to find new wealth in Asian markets by sailing west.

Columbian Exchange

The transfer of people, animals, plants, and diseases between the East and West hemispheres.

Foods from the Americas to Europe

Potatoes, tomatoes, and maize.

Foods from Europe to the Americas

Wheat, rice, and soybeans.

Animals Introduced by Europeans to the Americas

Cattle, pigs, and horses.

Influx of wealth from the Americas

Shift from feudalism to a more capitalistic system based on private ownership and free exchange.

Joint Stock Companies

Limited liability organizations where investors pool money to fund ventures.

Encomienda System

Economic system where Spaniards forced natives to work on plantations and in mines.

Solution to labor shortages

Importation of African enslaved laborers to work on plantations due to native resistance and disease.

Casta System

System categorizing people based on racial ancestry: peninsulares, criollos, mestizos, mulatos, Africans, and Native Americans.

Peninsulares

Spaniards born in Spain.

Criollos (Creoles)

Spaniards born in the Americas.

Mestizos

People of Spanish and Native American blood.

Mulatos

People of Spanish and African blood.

Bartolome de las Casas

Priest who defended Native Americans and persuaded the king to end their slavery.