HY Surgery - YouTube Dr. Price

What is the diagnosis of a patient developing fever and chills 2 hours after receiving blood products?

Acute febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction due to the recipient's immune response to donor white blood cells.

What supportive care should be provided for acute febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction?

Administration of antipyretics and monitoring the patient closely.

How can acute febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions be prevented?

Transfusing leukodepleted blood products.

What symptoms indicate a hemolytic transfusion reaction?

Hemoglobinuria and flank pain, indicative of ABO incompatibility.

What is a never event in the context of blood transfusion?

A hemolytic transfusion reaction that occurs due to ABO incompatibility.

What preventative measures should be taken prior to blood transfusions to avoid hemolytic reactions?

Implement strict protocols for blood typing and cross-matching.

What condition is indicated by tachypnea, bilateral crackles, and edema after a blood transfusion?

Transfusion-associated volume overload.

What is the confirmatory test for transfusion-associated volume overload?

Chest X-ray.

What is the immediate treatment for transfusion-associated volume overload?

Administer diuretics, nasal cannula oxygenation, and maintain an upright posture.

What causes esophageal varices in a patient with necrotizing pancreatitis?

Splenic vein thrombosis.

What is indicated by clear fluid draining from the ears following a head injury?

Basilar skull fracture with CSF drainage.

What is a critical action when a patient has a BCC tumor at the margins after excision?

Discuss re-excision promptly with the patient.

What is the initial treatment for a burn patient?

Administer Lactate Ringer's.

What is necrotizing fasciitis?

A severe infection characterized by fever and crepitus in the wound, requiring immediate treatment.

What is a key sign of symptomatic cardiac issues post-cholecystectomy or other major surgery?

Inadequate pain control causing increased sympathetic tone.

What signs indicate a catheter-related infection?

Positive blood cultures, erythematous and indurated vein, and pus drainage from the catheter.

What must be done immediately if there is a history of cancer and signs of pulmonary embolism?

Go straight to treatment for pulmonary embolism.

What are the signs of empyema following liver transplant?

Shortness of breath and fever with dullness to percussion in the chest.

What is the best confirmatory test for lung/pulmonary contusion after a motor vehicle collision?

CT scan.

What does an obscured left hemidiaphragm in an X-ray suggest?

A diaphragmatic rupture.

What is the first course of management for toxic megacolon?

Bowel rest and NG tube placement.