Chapter 2 Testbanks (copy)

Personality is defined as:

a. a systematic variation in the way people think, feel, and behave.

b. a systematic variation in the way people think.

c. a systematic variation in the way people feel and think.

d. a systematic variation in the way people behave and feel.

Personality is defined as:

a. a systematic variation in the way people think, feel, and behave.

b. a systematic variation in the way people think.

c. a systematic variation in the way people feel and think.

d. a systematic variation in the way people behave and feel.

Answer: a

Which of the following terms reflects a relatively stable characteristic or quality used to explain an individual's behaviour across time and situations?

a. psychological state

b. disposition

c. trait

d. personality

Answer: c

Which five factors make up Digman's (1990) five-factor model?

a. openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

b. openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, introversion

c. extraversion, resilience, neuroticism, agreeableness, temperamental

d. openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, attentive, neuroticism

Answer: a

What are the main tenets of humanistic psychology?

a. personal striving, individual dignity, thriving, and resilience

b. human growth, personal striving, and individual dignity

c. personal responsibility, human growth, personal striving, and individual dignity

d. personal responsibility, human growth, and resilience

Answer: c

According to the cognitive-behavioural approach, what does learning involve?

a. beliefs, expectancies, and goals

b. expectancies, modelling, and success

c. beliefs, experiences, and capabilities

d. goals, optimism, capabilities

Answer: a

Ethical principles are typically devised by:

a. a specific organization and used by anyone to shape legal judgment and behaviour.

b. a specific organization and used by anyone to shape professional judgment and behaviour.

c. a specific organization and used by members of that organization to shape professional judgment and behaviour.

d. a specific organization and used by members of that organization to shape legal judgment and behaviour.

Answer: c

Alexithymia is defined as the:

a. inability to identify one's emotions and to describe these feelings.

b. seeking of varied, novel, complex, and intense sensations and experiences, and the willingness to take multiple risks for the sake of such experiences.

c. narrowing of the margin of safety, both physically and psychologically.

d. desire to engage in and strive for success.

Answer: a

According to Gill and Deeter (1988), what three dimensions make up a multidimensional achievement orientation?

a. competitiveness, win orientation, and goal orientation

b. competitiveness, motivation, goal orientation

c. motivation, competitiveness, resilience

d. win orientation, motivation, goal orientation

Answer: a

What are the two dimensions of perfectionism?

a. commitment perfectionism and confidence perfectionism

b. perfectionistic control and perfectionistic criticism

c. harmonious perfectionism and obsessive perfectionism

d. perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns

Answer: d

Industriousness-ambition is defined as:

a. a blend of worry, gloom, and lack of self-assurance.

b. a trait comprising aspects of achievement/striving and self-discipline.

c. a trait involving a general tendency for a fast lifestyle, high energy, fast talking, and keeping busy.

d. a blend of ambition, low patience, competitiveness, high organization, and hostility with agitated behaviour patterns.

Answer: b

Those with Type D personalities were found to participate in ____________ physical activity than those with non-Type D personalities.

a. a little more

b. significantly less

c. significantly more

d. the same amount of

Answer: b

Which of the following describes the relationship between extraversion and physical activity?

a. socially dependent

b. no relationship

c. intensity dependent

d. activity dependent

Answer: c

Does a distinct elite athlete personality profile exist?

a. yes, across all sports

b. yes, only in specific sports

c. yes, only in women athletes

d. no

Answer: d

There are two global dimensions of perfectionism. Perfectionistic concerns refer to:

a. a more rigid and uncontrolled urge to engage in activities because of external control or feelings of guilt.

b. aspects of negative social evaluation, including excessive self-criticism, concerns over mistakes, and doubts about actions.

c. establishing high personal performance standards and self-oriented achievement striving.

d. engaging in an activity as part of one's identity and for the pleasure of the activity.

Answer: b

Disposition is defined as:

a. broad, pervasive, encompassing ways of relating to particular types of people or situations.

b. specific, pervasive, encompassing ways of relating to particular types of people or situations.

c. a relatively stable characteristic or quality that may represent a portion of one's personality.

d. a systematic variation in the way people think, feel, and behave.

Answer: a

Trait is defined as:

a. a systematic variation in the way people think, feel, and behave.

b. a relatively stable characteristic or quality that may represent a portion of one's personality.

c. a momentary feeling and thought that changes depending on the situation and time.

d. a broad, pervasive, encompassing way of relating to particular types of people or situations.

Answer: b

What is a common assumption in many trait models of personality?

a. Traits have an atypical distribution throughout the population.

b. Traits have a normal distribution throughout the population.

c. Traits are skewed throughout the population.

d. There is no trend in the distribution throughout the population.

Answer: b

Individuals higher in ________ and _______ are more likely to meet their intentions to exercise.

a. openness to experience; extraversion

b. extraversion; conscientiousness

c. conscientiousness; openness to experience

d. agreeableness; extraversion

Answer: b

From the base of the pyramid to the top of the pyramid, what is the order of Abraham Maslow's (1943) hierarchy of needs?

a. safety needs, physiological needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization

b. physiological needs, safety needs, esteem needs, social needs, and self-actualization

c. safety needs, physiological needs, esteem needs, social needs, and self-actualization

d. physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization

Answer: d

The social learning theory posits that people are active agents in shaping their ______, influenced by their inner drives and environments.

a. behaviours, emotions, and thoughts

b. behaviours

c. thoughts

d. emotions

Answer: b

Sensation seeking is defined as:

a. a desire to engage in and strive for success.

b. narrowing the margin of safety, both physically and psychologically.

c. seeking varied, novel, complex, and intense sensations and experiences, and the willingness to take multiple risks for the sake of such experiences.

d. engaging in an activity as part of one's identity and for the pleasure of the activity.

Answer: c

What are the four Cs of Clough and colleagues' (2002) 4C model?

a. competitive, control, commitment, confidence

b. competitive, control, commitment, certainty

c. challenge, control, commitment, confidence

d. challenge, control, commitment, certainty

Answer: c